Greyhound

The city is located on the left bank of the Borzya River (the right tributary of the Onon River , the Amur basin ), 372 km (by road) to the southeast of the regional center - the city of Chita . The A350 federal highway Chita - Zabaikalsk - the border with China and the southern branch of the Transbaikal Railway (ZabZhD) Tarskaya - Zabaikalsk pass through the Borzyu. The city has a junction station Borzya . The distance by rail to Chita is 344 km.

Natural Attractions

24 km south-west of the city, in a closed basin, is a natural monument - Borzinsky salt lake . In its vicinity, multi-root onions , listed in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory, iris Latke, sedge , etc. grow. It is interesting in that during dry periods it dries up half and at the bottom a mirabilite crust forms, called the skull . Salt is deposited on top of it. It was here, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, that there was salt mining and the volume of production amounted to more than 100,000 pounds .

Further southwest, 50 km from the city beyond Lake Borzinsky, is the Daursky Nature Reserve .

The settlement arose in the 18th century not far from the nomads of the Agin Buryats near the salt lakes, which are called in the Buryatian “ boorzha ”. According to another version, the name comes from Evenki words and phrases: “borsa-mi” - to kill a bear, “boro” - gray, twilight, “bori” - a hill, a hill, and the suffix (ending) “-I” conveys the meaning of abandonment, “ greyhound ”- snowy, white,“ brown ”- gray mountain. Since 1756, they began to produce industrial salt production on the Borzin lakes, which was carried out for 180 years. In the speech of the Russian settlers, the name of the village changed slightly, Borzya began to be pronounced. In 1828 and 1834, the first poet of Transbaikalia F.I. Baldauf visited Borz.

A new stage in the development of the village is associated with the start of construction in 1899 of the Trans-Baikal section of the Trans-Siberian Railway - the Kaydalov branch. Cadre workers from large industrial cities came here from all over the country. A railway village was founded, the plan of which was made by a land surveyor Lavrentiev. The opening of the village took place on May 9, 1900, on the day of the centenary of the death of Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov , so the village was called “Suvorovsky,” but it did not take root, and the name of the station was preserved behind the village. Four tracts ran from the village. In the village itself there were several streets: Boulevard, Onon, Borzinskaya, Pushkinskaya, Barashevskaya and Korsakovskaya. There was no church in the village, the population attended the church at the station. Greyhound. There was no school either, the nearest school was in the village of Chindant, not many children attended it, children from Suvorovsky were not accepted to the railway school due to lack of places. There was no medical service, the nearest treatment center was in Second Chindant, where two paramedics were assigned throughout the state, but in 1906-1907. there was not one. The population of the village at Borzya station was divided into two settlements: some settled in the village of Suvorovsky, others in the dugouts on the opposite side behind the linear part. If the inhabitants of the village were engaged in trade, cattle breeding, worked on the railway, then the inhabitants of the dugouts had no specific occupations.

There was a government postal and telegraph office in the village.

Since 1911, fairs for the sale of leather, wool, and meat were held annually in Borz, where trade people from all over Transbaikalia and Mongolia gathered. There was a postal and telegraph office, many shops and a bazaar, a slaughterhouse. Classes were held in two schools - private and railway, there was a church.

During the Civil War , leaders of the White Movement Baron Ungern and Ataman Semenov visited Borz. In May 1918, at the Borzya station, Semenov declared himself, the representative of the cadet party S. A. Taskin and General I. F. Shilnikov, “Provisional Trans-Baikal Government” ^[2] , thereby establishing the Trans-Baikal statehood and independence from Russia, which lasted until the liquidation on November 15 1922 of the Far Eastern Republic . Borzya is also associated with the name of the Soviet writer A. A. Fadeev , who participated in November 1920 in her liberation from the White Guards.

In 1924, Borzya became a county, and since 1928, a district center, to which the territories of the present Alexandro-Zavodsky and Zabaykalsky districts subordinated, which subsequently separated ^[3] .

In 1950, the village of Borzya was transformed into a city.

In January 2015, the “Military Glory” memorial was desecrated by vandals. By the day of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, the memorial was completely restored and reconstructed, Bishop Dimitri (Eliseev) of Nerchinsky and Krasnokamensky consecrated it ^{[4] [5]} .

In 2015, the tank crew from Borzi became the world champion in tank biathlon ^[6] .

Over 10 thousand people were called up to the front from Borzi.

Zhigmit Zhigdurov, a native of the Borzinsky district, at the cost of his life destroyed a group of German submachine gunners who broke through to the Soviet command post, and was presented for the award with the Order of the Red Banner ^[7] Hundreds of Borzinians' names were engraved on the granite slabs of the memorial of military glory ^[8] .

Local authorities and social welfare showed concern for the families of the dead front-line soldiers, demobilized soldiers and the disabled. ^[7]

During the war, military hospitals were located in Borzya:

• 111 Field mobile hospital, Art. Greyhound
• 326 Military hospital, Borzya and 79th passage (Sherlovaya Gora)
• 403 Military hospital, Borzya
• 1840 Evacuation Hospital, Borzya
• 1077 Hospital for the slightly wounded, Borzya
• 2632 Hospital for the slightly wounded, Borzya
• 3181 Hospital for the slightly wounded, Borzya
• 4923 Hospital, Borzya ^[9]

Borzya during the war years experienced great difficulties. Unlike many cities and regions where the development of the national economy was offset by evacuated enterprises and the population from the European territory of the USSR, Borzinsky district, basically agricultural, had to do it on its own. The exception was the railway, where evacuated specialists still worked ^[10]

Since 1941, the 36th Army, which became part of the Transbaikal Front, was stationed in Borz.

Borzoi has a sharply continental climate . Borzya is the sunniest city in Russia, the average annual number of hours of sunshine is 2797 hours, or 63% of the sun being above the horizon, which is 1066 hours, or 1.62 times more than in Moscow.

• The average annual temperature is −1.5 ° C
• Relative humidity - 66.4%
• Average wind speed - 3.0 m / s ^[11]
• Sunshine 2797 hours

As of January 1, 2019, the city was 516 out of 1,115 ^[26] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[27] .

At Borzya station there are a locomotive depot and a wagon operational depot. The Borzinsky motor transport enterprise operates. On the site of the ruined Elevator LLC, the Chita Grain Company LLC operates. In Borz there are branches of large banks and leading telecom operators. Until 1998, there was a creamery, a meat factory has almost ceased to exist and is not engaged in the production of products due to the lack of raw materials.

Until April 2009, the headquarters of the 36th Combined Arms Army , redeployed to Ulan-Ude , was in Borz; a few kilometers from the city, in the military town of Borzya-3, the 36th separate motorized rifle brigade is deployed. Earlier in March 1972, the 150th motorized rifle division (the “Blue Division”) was deployed here.

In Borz there is a parish of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh of the Nerchinsk and Krasnokamensk dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as the religious organization Salvation Church of the Evangelical Christians ^[28] .

Cultural Institutions

In the center of the city are the Social and Cultural Center ^[29] and the Borzinsky Regional Museum of Local Lore ^[30] , the Borzinsky Inter-Settlement Central Library, not far from the station square, next to the temple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, is the Vostok cinema.

Memorable places

Mass grave of 44 soldiers who died from wounds in hospitals in 1941-1945; the grave of D.I. Matafonov, the commander of the partisan artillery battalion and a member of the Altagachansky commune; memorial "Military Glory"; mass grave of red partisans who fell in battles for the liberation of the station from the troops of Ataman Semenov (Railway Station Square). T-34 tank on a pedestal in honor of the 6th Guards Tank Army.

In the city park there is a memorial obelisk to the victims of political repressions, an old ruined and turned into a dump a cemetery in the area of ​​school number 15, a cemetery chapel, a temple in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh ^[31] .

In 2017, on Lenin Square near the building of the Zheleznodorozhnikov Palace, a rare steam locomotive of 1953, L-2084, was installed as a monument. ^[32]

Education

The city has secondary schools (Borzinsk Medical School), vocational school , music and art schools, Borzin Center for Children and Youth Creativity and Sports.

The city is an important transport junction where the railway lines ( Borzya station ) intersect and the roads connecting the city with many areas of the region, as well as the highways connecting the city with China and Mongolia. In 2009–2010, the Naryn I (Borzya) –Lugokan railway branch was carried out; by 2011, the railway reached the settlement of Aleksandrovsky Zavod . In 2012, a ceremony to complete the construction was held in a festive atmosphere. However currently ^{[ when? ]} this section of the railway has become unusable - the steel gauge is rusting, the sleepers are drying up, the embankment has eroded. ^[33] There is also a bus connection with the settlements of the Trans-Baikal Territory.

• Asatiani, Georgy Iraklievich (1914-1977) - director of documentary films, People's Artist of the USSR (1967)
• Sergachev, Victor Nikolaevich (1934—2013) - actor
• Gvozdikova, Natalia Fedorovna (born January 7, 1948) - actress
• Kuznetsov, Yuri Viktorovich (born August 24, 1946) - Lieutenant Colonel of the Airborne Forces, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Lysyuk, Sergey Ivanovich (born July 25, 1954) - Colonel of the Internal Troops, Hero of the Russian Federation
• Khuzakhmetova Maria is the European boxing champion.
• Prusikin, Ilya Vladimirovich - lead singer of Little Big

• Kulakov V. S. "Geography of the Trans-Baikal Territory" Textbook. - Chita: Express Publishing House, 2009. ISBN 978-5-9566-0126-6

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Borzya
• The site of the administration of the city of Borzy and Borzinsky district [1]
• Portal about the life and history of the city of Borzy and Borzinsky district
• Borzinsky city portal "Our Borzya"
• Borzinsky city portal
• History of the coat of arms of Borzy
• Greyhound in the encyclopedia "My city"