Periper ( other Greek: περίπτερος - surrounded by columns, “ round - winged” ; from περί - around and πτερόν - wing, side colonnade) - the main type of an ancient Greek temple of the times of archaic and classic [1] [2] ; a rectangular construction, framed on four sides by a colonnade [3] . The distance from it to the walls of the pump is equal to one intercolumn [4] . Around from all sides, the Doric order was most often used, the columns were in one row.
Inside the peripter usually consisted of pronaos and naos (Latin cella ), behind the naos it was usually arranged as an opistode . As with most temples, the entrance location has traditionally been on the east side. The peripter developed by the beginning of the 7th century BC. e. and became the most common type of temple during the archaic period.
The concept was introduced by Vitruvius [5] , he was also given the typology of ancient Greek temples: megaron , prostil , amphiprostyle , peripter, dipter .
The most famous surviving peripter is the Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens (447-438 BC). The architects of West European classicism , neoclassicism, and empire of the 17th-19th centuries turned to the use of external forms of peripter.
Notes
- ↑ D.V. Artyukhovich. Periper // Construction. Encyclopedic Dictionary. - Stavropol : “Paragraph”, 2011. - S. 416. - 766 p. - ISBN 978-5-904939-17-5 .
- ↑ E. S. Yusupov. Periper // Glossary of terms of architecture. - St. Petersburg : Leningrad Gallery Foundation, 1994. - S. 277. - 432 p. - ISBN 5-85825-004-1 .
- ↑ Ancient Greek Art // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Peripher // Art. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia / Ed. prof. Gorkina A.P. - M .: Rosman, 2007.
- ↑ Vitruvius . Ten Books on Architecture , III