Heat network - a set of devices (including central heating units, pumping stations) designed to transfer heat energy, heat carrier from heat energy sources to heat-consuming installations [1] .
Heating systems in Russia
According to the document “The concept of development of heat supply in Russia, including municipal energy, for the medium term. Official information of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation ”from 2000, in Russia“ the total length of the heating networks in double-pipe terms is about 183,300 km ”,“ the average percentage of wear [of heating systems] is estimated at 60-70%. According to expert estimates, 15% of heating networks require an urgent replacement ... To bring the heat carrier transport system to a reliable state, it is necessary to overhaul or rebuild 150 thousand km of heating pipelines in two-pipe terms. ” [2]
The report “Heat Supply of the Russian Federation. Ways to overcome the crisis. 1. Reform of the heat supply and heat consumption system of the Russian Federation. ” M., 2001 noted:
The overall situation with heating networks has sharply worsened in recent years. Reduced funding has led to a decrease in the volume of pipeline transfers. The management of heat supply enterprises, trying to prevent an increase in accident rate, tried to maintain the volume of interchanges, reducing quality requirements and cheapening construction work in every possible way.
Arranged networks had a very low resource and in 5-7 years required a new transfer. As a result, the number of emergency networks by 2000 began to grow exponentially, and the number of accidents began to double every 2 years, an average increase of 10 times over the past 6 years. As a result, the capacity of emergency services has increased many times ...
Real heat losses make up from 20 to 50% of heat production in winter and from 30 to 70% in summer, this is confirmed by a sharp decrease in the necessary heat production when switching to individual sources and measurements of heat loss on real heat networks. Heat carrier leaks exceed the norms accepted in developed countries, millions of times. [3]
The greatest amount of damage is due to pipeline defects. Their share reaches 79% in the total mass of damage [4] . The most common cause of damage to heat conduits is pipe wall corrosion. The amount of damage associated with rupture of longitudinal and transverse welds of pipes is much less (no more than a quarter) than corrosion. The main causes of weld ruptures are factory defects in the manufacture of pipes and defects in pipe welding during construction. At the same time, it is erroneous to consider external or internal corrosion as the root cause of the appearance of the defect: external and internal corrosion should be considered only as a consequence of the factors causing it in the vast majority of cases: wetting of the insulation and pipe wall and improper water treatment, respectively.
External links
Comparison of heat supply experience in the CIS with Scandinavian countries. Alexander Lanetsky. Forbes 2015
Software for design and analysis of heating networks of settlements.
Notes
- ↑ Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 190-ФЗ “On Heat Supply”
- ↑ Tsar-Kholod goes to Russia
- ↑ Heating systems
- ↑ Chicherin S.V. A new algorithm for analyzing pressure values during annual hydraulic tests of pipelines of heat networks for density and strength // Vestnik ISTU. - 2017. - T. 21 , No. 1 . - S. 178–185 .