Trinity Makaryev Monastery

The founder of the monastery was a Tver serving man, Matvey Kozhin, of a noble Kashin family, who received tonsure under the name Makarii in the Kashin Klobukov Monastery , after which he settled not far from St. Nicholas Monastery on Zhabna , and founded his own Trinity Monastery on the left bank of the Volga . The land for the construction of a new monastery was donated by the owner of these lands, the boyar Ivan Kolyaga (his nickname may have come from the name of the monastic city), who, having lost his whole family, went to Makarios and gave the monastery all his wealth (this is stated in the Life of St. Macarius "). The monastery became a kind of stronghold of Novgorod merchants who traded in these places. Tver merchant Athanasius Nikitin mentions a visit to the monastery in 1466.

Stone construction in the monastery was carried out in the 1520s at the expense of the specific prince Yuri Ivanovich . Then the Rostov craftsmen erected the Trinity Cathedral, a warm church and an extensive refectory , surviving until the 20th century.

In 1609, the famous military leader Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky formed his army against the troops of False Dmitry II and Polish-Lithuanian invaders under the walls of the Trinity Makaryev Monastery for several months. Here, during the Battle of Kalyazinsky, he repelled the attack of the hetman Jan Sapieha before setting off on a liberation trip to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery and Moscow . However, in May 1610 the Troitsky Makaryev Monastery was taken and plundered by the " foxes ", while all the defenders, led by the governor Davyd Zherebtsov, were killed. Among other things, the Polish robbers chopped into pieces and took out the silver crayfish of St. Macarius, donated to the monastery by Boris Godunov .

After the hardships of the Time of Troubles, Makaryev Monastery was restored one of the first. In the first half of the 17th century, the gateway Makaryevskaya church, cells of the brethren, rare architecture pillar-shaped bell tower , as well as elegantly decorated towers and walls were built.

The abbot of the monastery from 1633 to 1639 was the father of Jonah (under which the special charter of this monastery was abolished), and from 1644 to 1650, the father of John ^{[2] [3]} .

After visiting the monastery, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich gave funds for the construction of a new cathedral with a powerful five dome. Perhaps at the heart of it was a rebuilt cathedral of the 16th century with the addition of a porch and a northern aisle. The cathedral was consecrated in 1654 and then painted (part of the frescoes before the destruction of the temple was removed and transferred to the local history museum).

At the beginning of the 20th century, 6 manuscript books of the 16th century were stored in the monastery sacristy. In the XVII century, the inhabitants of the monastery were ridiculed in the " Kalyazin petition " - a satirical pamphlet, written in the form of a complaint of lazy and dissolved monks to Archbishop Simeon against his demanding abbot. During the reform of 1764, the Makaryev Monastery was assigned to the 1st class.

For centuries, the Trinity Makaryev Monastery was a place of pilgrimage for Russian tsars, emperors and patriarchs. At various times, Ivan the Terrible , Boris Godunov , Mikhail Fedorovich , Patriarch Filaret , Alexei Mikhailovich , Patriarch Nikon (the last two also hid from a pestilence in 1654 ), Peter I , Catherine II , Alexander II came to worship the relics of St. Macarius.

• The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity with the northern Spassky and southern Virgin Mary Christmas chapel (in stone since 1521, rebuilt and painted in 1654 by the Simeon Avraamov artel).
• The refectory with the Sretensky church (1525-30), one of the earliest monuments of this kind.
• The Gate Church of St. Macarius (1617, built at the expense of the merchant Shirokoy-Mashkin; subsequently rebuilt).
• Stone walls with a total length of 700 meters with corner towers and gates (1644-48, masters Mark and Ivan Sharutina).
• The hospital building and the small hospital church of Alekseevskaya (1655, at the church chapel in 1671).
• Corps cell - fraternal (1641), abbot and governor (both 1753).
• Four-tier 60-meter bell tower (1818-22, classicism)
• Warm Assumption Church (1884).

The Trinity Monastery was closed in early 1920, the year before the cancer of the Monk Macarius was opened. The ensemble of pre-Petrine architecture, like the entire old part of the city of Kalyazin, went under water when the Uglich Reservoir was created in 1940. A similar fate befell then the no less ancient Pokrovsky monastery , which stood opposite Uglich .

Lovers of antiquities transported fragments of frescoes of the 17th century, tiles depicting a cetovras , vestments of the clergy and sewing of the 17th-19th centuries, and ancient church utensils to the local history museum. Some elements of stone decor and murals are currently stored in the funds of the Moscow Shchusev Museum of Architecture . For example, the portal of the Trinity Cathedral is walled into the wall of the Donskoy Monastery .

Today, on the site of the demolished monastery, there is a small hill, which is called the "monastery islands". In the 2000s, a small red brick chapel was erected there ^[4] .

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  Fresco of the blown up Trinity Cathedral. Kalyazinsky Museum of Local Lore

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  Fresco of the blown up Trinity Cathedral. Kalyazinsky Museum of Local Lore

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  16th century fresco of the Trinity-Makaryev Monastery. Museum Novodevichy Convent (branch of the State Historical Museum )

• Sokolov Yu. I. Dynasty of full-time servants of the Kalyazin monastery 1764-1861. M., 2010.

• Trinity Makaryev Kalyazinsky monastery on the site "Orthodox Temples of the Tver Land"
• Inventory of letters, books and deeds of the Makaryev Trinity Kalyazinsky Monastery in the funds of the Russian State Academy of Arts .