Theodosius of Pechersk (c. 1008 - 3 May 1074 ) - Orthodox monk of the XI century , the holy Russian Orthodox Church , revered in the face of the monk , one of the founders of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra , a disciple of Anthony of Pechersk . The name "Theodosius" called "distant" (Feodosievy) caves of the Monastery and the source of Theodosius in the territory of the Monastery.
| Theodosius Pechersky | |
|---|---|
 Venerable Theodosius of Pechersk with a Life (17th century icon , State Russian Museum ) | |
| Birth | OK. 1008 years village Vasilievo |
| Death | May 3, 1074 Kiev |
| Revered | in the Orthodox Church |
| In the face | reverend |
| Main shrine | relics in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra |
| Day of Remembrance | May 3 (16) , August 14 (27), August 28 ( September 10 ), September 2 (15) |
| Proceedings | 6 teachings, 2 messages to Grand Duke Izyaslav |
| Asceticism | asceticism, miracles, the foundation of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra |
The church celebration of Theodosius of Pechersk was established in 1108 [1] .
Nowadays, the memory of St. Theodosius is accomplished:
- May 3 (16) ;
- August 14 (27) - transfer of relics ;
- August 28 ( September 10 ) - as part of the Cathedral of the Rev. Fathers of Kiev-Pechersk, in the “distant caves” of the rest ;
- September 2 (15) - together with Rev. Anthony of Pechersk.
Life Story
Born around 1008 [2] in the village of Vasiliev. His father, who belonged to the military class, was transferred to Kursk , where he spent his childhood and youth. Being devout from childhood, Theodosius wore chains and dreamed of monasticism [3] . After leaving home in 1032, Theodosius tried to take monastic vows in Kiev monasteries, but was rejected everywhere because of his young age. Upon learning of St. Anthony , Theodosius came to him and took the veil (tonsured by Nikon Pechersky ’s instructions on Anthony’s instructions).
In 1054, Theodosius was ordained a hieromonk , and in 1057 he was elected hegumen of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra . During the period of hegumenism in 1060-1062, he organized the construction of a wooden building of the monastery , where all his then inhabitants of about a hundred passed. On the initiative of Theodosius of Pechersk, the first charter of the Pechersky Monastery was adopted, based on a studio - wide communal charter , the list of which was sent at the request of Theodosius from Constantinople around 1068. When Theodosius began the construction of the main monastic church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary . The monk is also known as the founder and director of one of the first church libraries in Russia - the library of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra [4] .
Theodosius became famous for his asceticism , wore a ramshearted rags , which, according to the compiler of his life Nestor , "shone on him like an honest purple royal." Before The Great Lent, Theodosius usually went to the gate for the entire fourtieth level . Shuttering in a cave, he took some bread with him, and the door outside was covered with earth, and the monastery brethren communicated with him only in need through the small window left, and then only on Saturday or Sunday [3] .
Theodosius died in 1074 after a short illness [3] . Before his death, he asked to be buried at night in that cave, where he performed his bolt during Lent. His request was fulfilled. According to A. A. Shakhmatov , not later than 1088 the Monk Nestor the Chronicler wrote the first life of Theodosius [5] .
In 1090, the hegumen and the monastery brethren decided that the body of Theodosius should be transferred to the church that he laid before his death, which was consecrated only in 1089. Three days before the feast of the Assumption, the monks began to dig up the grave, and the incorruptible relics of Theodosius were discovered, as Nestor tells us, “the Vlasians only approached their heads”. The transfer of the relics of the monk to the church was accomplished on the feast of the Assumption of the Virgin at the confluence of many bishops and hegumen of Kiev monasteries. During the Tatar invasion, the relics of Theodosius were laid under a bushel at the western door of the temple, where they are now.
From the literary works of St. Theodosius there are two messages to the Grand Duke Izyaslav and six [6] or eight [7] teachings and one prayer. In all, Theodosius was credited with more than twenty different works.
Notes
- ↑ Golubinsky, E.E. The History of the Saints Canonization in the Russian Church . - M .: Imp. Island of Russian History and Antiquities with Mosk. University, 1903. - p. 51. - 600 p.
- ↑ Theodosius of Pechersk - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Pogodin MP Ancient Russian history before the Mongol yoke. - M., 1999. - ISBN 5-300-02727-8 .
- ↑ Library of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Archival copy of October 19, 2013 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Uzhankov A. About the time of writing The Lives of Theodosius of Pechersk .
- ↑ Rev. Theodosius of Pechersk
- ↑ Theodosius, Abbot of Kiev-Pechersk Monastery (Inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is July 10, 2011. Archived October 1, 2013.
Links
- Life of Theodosius of Pechersk (Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS. IRLI).
- M. Z. Theodosius (Hegumen of Pechersk) // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Theodosius, Hegumen of Kiev-Pechersk Monastery (Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS. IRLI)
- Instructions and Prayer of Theodosius of Pechersk (Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS. IRLI).
- About the time of writing the Life of Theodosius of Pechersk on Orthodoxy.Ru
- Venerable Theodosius on the site of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.