Nitrosyl chloride (nitrosyl chloride, nitrosyl chloride, nitric oxide-chloride) - red gas, toxic, with a choking odor. It is usually observed as a product of the process of decomposition of aqua regia - a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids. Among nitric oxide halides , nitrosyl fluoride NOF and nitrosyl bromide NOBr are also known. In the series NOF — NOCl — NOBr, the stability of oxohalides decreases, but NOI could not be obtained.
| Nitrosyl chloride | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | Nitrosyl chloride |
| Traditional names | Nitrosyl chloride |
| Chem. formula | Nocl |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | yellow orange gas red liquid |
| Molar mass | 65.46 g / mol |
| Density | fluid: 1.417 g / cm³ (−12 ° C) gas: 2.99 g / l |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | -61 ° C |
| T. bale. | -5.4 ° C |
| Chemical properties | |
| Solubility in water | decays |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | [2696-92-6] |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| Codex Alimentarius | |
| RTECS | |
| UN number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Security | |
| NFPA 704 |  0 3 one |
The nitrosyl chloride molecule contains a —NO group or an NO + ion, called nitrosyl or nitrosonium . The formation of the NO + ion ( ionization potential of 9.27 eV) is accompanied by the strengthening and shortening of the N = O bond. The nitrosyl chloride molecule has an angular shape with sp² hybridization at the N atom. The dipole moment is 1.90 Debye .
Nitrosyl chloride can be considered as nitric acid chloride .
Properties
- Being a nitric acid chloride, nitrosyl chloride reacts with water, releasing HNO 2 :
- Reacts with halides to produce nitrosyl cation [NO] + .
- Heating NOCl at temperatures above 100 ° C decomposes it into Cl 2 and NO.
- Liquid nitrosyl chloride is capable of forming complex compounds with chlorides of a number of metals (Pt, Sn, Sb).
- The NOCl molecule easily cleaves the chlorine atom, so it is widely used for chlorination. It is used in organic synthesis, for substitution in the alkenes with -OCl groups [1]
Getting
Nitrosyl chloride can be obtained by direct interaction of nitric oxide (II) with chlorine. It is also formed by heating a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids:
A more convenient way to obtain is heating nitrosylsulfuric acid with sodium chloride :
Toxicity
Toxic Irritating to the lungs. Mice and rats carry it much easier.
Additional Information
Nitrosyl chloride is registered as a food supplement with an index of E919 .
Notes
- ↑ Ohno, M ,; Naruse, N .; Terasawa, I. “7-cyanoheptanal” Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 5, page 266 (1973). (addition of NOCl to cyclooctene)
Literature
- Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3 (Med-Paul). - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8 .