Scraper

Neanderthal Scraper, France

Scraped bone. Eskimos.

Scraper (in the stone industry ) ( eng. Side scraper , fr. Racloir ) is a larger and sometimes less functionally expressed than a scraper ^[1] , a scraping-cutting stone tool made of flint , obsidian , quartzite and other types of stone. Most characteristic of the Middle Paleolithic . Scrapers were obtained from large chips-flakes of stone. It can have one or several working edges with blades of various shapes: convex, straight, concave, peaked, serrated and with perimeter machining. The working edges can form angular shapes. The blades are covered with one-sided or two-sided (bifasial) retouching, which was formed as a result of wear or applied deliberately. Often has a blade opposite the blade (scraper-knives) or is a combined tool (scraper-puncture, scraper-scraper, scraper-tip, etc.). Perhaps some scrapers had handles.

Used for cutting, like knives, and for processing animal skins . Bone implements were also used. With the advent of ceramics with a lack of stone, fragments of vessels could serve as scrapers. But to finally determine the purpose of a stone or other tool is possible only with the help of methods of trasology .

The scraper also plays the role of a stone or metal end semicircular knife “ ulu ” of the northern peoples. To date, scrapers (scrapers) of iron are used. In handicraft and handicraft leather production, knives, plows , dead ends, folds, even canvases of ordinary braids perform a similar function. But even now, some traditional tanners prefer stone scrapers.