Andreev, Andrey Andreevich

Born into a peasant family in the Smolensk region. I studied in a rural school for two years. From 1908 in Moscow, where from the age of 13 he entered the tavern as a “boy” - he worked on washing dishes and cleaning samovars ^{[2] [3]} . He studied first in the Sunday school for workers, then in the Prechistensky workers' courses, where he began to get acquainted with Marxist literature, became close friends with the Bolsheviks and in 1911-1912 was a member of the Social Democratic circle ^[4] . In 1911, he left Moscow for the Caucasus and the south of Russia, where he wandered from city to city, performing very different work.

In 1914, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered a cartridge case at the artillery depot of a worker. Then he worked in the insurance offices of the Putilov factory and the Skorokhod factory. In 1916 he entered the Petersburg Committee of the Bolsheviks (1915–16). I was in an illegal situation.

Since 1917, a member of the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (b) .

The participant in the meeting of V.I. Lenin at the Finland Station on April 3, 1917, attended a solemn meeting organized on the night of April 3 to 4 in honor of the leader’s arrival, participated in the 7th (April) conference of the Bolsheviks , was its delegate.

On the night of April 3, 4, during a solemn meeting, he first met Lenin:

“I could never imagine Lenin in my mind. And here - I sit in three or four steps from him. There was a kind of difficult, extraordinary feeling: to see Lenin, the creator of our party, very close! How many times have we, the Bolsheviks, underground, dreamed to see and hear Lenin and now, finally, our dream has come true?

Actively participated in the Great October Socialist Revolution, was a delegate to the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets ^[4] .

1917-1919 years spent on party and trade union work in the Urals and Ukraine. He was a member of the editorial board of the newspaper Ural Worker . From 1919, he was a member of the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (working in Ukraine), in 1920–1922 he was secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and worked in Moscow ^[3] . In 1921, during the discussion on trade unions, he stood on the platform of Leonid D. Trotsky and N. I. Bukharin .

In the years 1922-1927 - Chairman of the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Railwaymen. From February 1924 to December 1925 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) ^[5] . From January 1928 to December 1930, 1st Secretary of the North Caucasus Regional Party Committee.

From December 1930 to October 1931 - Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU (b) , part-time Commissar of the Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection of the USSR and Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR . Pravda, dated September 16, 1988, notes: “... from February to October 1931, a new, broadest wave of the liquidation of kulak farms was held. General management was carried out by a special commission headed by A.A. Andreev ... dispossession was carried out in the future ... it increasingly took on the character of repression "(in the specified number on page 3:" Collectivization: How it was ") ^[6] .

From October 2, 1931 to February 28, 1935 - People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR , was replaced by L. M. Kaganovich on this post.

On February 28, 1935, the first Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.) Elected A. A. Andreev after the death of S. M. Kirov as Secretary of the Central Committee ^[7] . On March 10, 1935, he was elected a member of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.) By a poll;

From March 10, 1935 to May 13, 1937 - part-time head of the Industrial Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (replaced N. I. Ezhova ).

As N. S. Khrushchev recalled: “Andrei Andreevich did a lot of bad things during the repressions of 1937 . Perhaps because of his past, he was afraid not to be suspected of a mild attitude towards former Trotskyists. Wherever he went, many people died everywhere ” ^{[8] [9]} .

On January 12, 1938, the first meeting of the first newly elected (according to the Stalin Constitution of 1936) Supreme Council, the two chambers of the Supreme Council — the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities — held separate meetings and elected their chairmen, respectively A.A. Andreev and N.M. Shvernik ^{[10 ]} .

At the end of 1938 , after N. I. Ezhov was removed from the post of People's Commissar, Andreev was the chairman of the Politburo commission to investigate the activities of the NKVD .

In 1935–1946, secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), head of the agricultural department of the Central Committee (until 1946), simultaneously in 1938–1946 - Chairman of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , in 1939–1952 - Chairman of the CPC with the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) ) and in 1943-1946 - the head of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR .

Three times (in 1937, 1946, 1950) he was elected in the Ashgabat electoral district of the Turkmen SSR as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and was twice elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in the Novosibirsk electoral district. In 1946, in a speech at a rally of voters in Ashgabat, Andreev said:

“As for me, your candidate, let me assure you that I, as a faithful son of the Bolshevik party, will continue to follow Comrade Stalin in the fulfillment of the great tasks of building communism.”

In 1946-1953 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR , since March 28, 1946 in this rank was in charge of the agro-industrial complex (the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Industrial Crops, Agricultural Engineering), as well as the head of forest protection ^[11] . From September 19, 1946 to March 1953, he headed the Council for Collective Farm Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

From March 1953 to June 1962. Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Historian Sergo Mikoyan noted: “It was only possible to leave the work in the Politburo in another world. The only one who managed to do this and not die is Andrei Andreevich Andreev. This was possible because he lost his hearing. Wore a hearing aid. But then they helped very little. And then, it seems, in 1950, he told Stalin that he was inconvenient to remain in the Politburo, because he was not able to participate in the discussions. Stalin let him go to peace - to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR - without touching. I don’t know of another case. ” ^[12]

In 1957, he represented Moscow at the celebration of the 250th anniversary of Leningrad ^[13] . Since 1962 - a personal pensioner of federal importance and advisor to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . In 1957–1962 - Chairman of the Soviet-Chinese Friendship Society .

He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. According to the memoirs of Anastas Mikoyan , he did not want to be buried in the Kremlin wall ^[14] . Grave in the first section. Opposite the grave of Andreev is the grave of his wife Dora Khazan-Andreeva .

• 4 orders of Lenin (10.09.1945; 10.29.1945; 10.29.1955; 10.29.1965)
• Order of the October Revolution (10/30/1970)
• medals

He was married to Dora Moiseevna Khazan-Andreeva (1894-1961). Children - Vladimir Andreevich Andreev, navigator of long-range aviation, and Natalya Andreyevna Andreeva (1922–2015), doctor of biological sciences.

2nd wife - Andreeva (Desyatov) Zinaida Ivanovna with whom he signed in his old age. Children - Tatyana Desyatova, Valentina Andreyevna Desyatova. Grandchildren - Kochergin Ilya Nikolayevich, Kharlamov Ivan Vyacheslavovich and Kharlamova Ksenia Vyacheslavovna.

• An experimental locomotive and a steam locomotive , issued in 1933 and 1935 respectively, were named in his honor.
• In his honor, the motor ship of the “Lenin Guard” series, which was assigned to the Estonian Shipping Company since the beginning of the 1970s, was named.
• The name Andreev was borne by the Taganrog Metallurgical Works ^[15] . In the toponymy of modern Taganrog , there still exists the name “ Andreeva Bay ”, which is worn by a small sea bay in the area of ​​the Taganrog metallurgical plant.
• The Moscow Railway Technical School from 1936 to 1998 bore the name of A. A. Andreev.
• The settlement near Tyumen , renamed in 1957 in honor of M. I. Kalinin and even later entered the city limits ^{[16] [17] [18]} .
• Street in Ust-Kamenogorsk .
• Street in Mogilev .
• Street in the village of New Egorlyk Salsky district of Rostov region.
• The name of Andreev in 1937-1957 wore the House of Culture of railway workers art. Toguchin Novosibirsk region.
• The name of A. A. Andreev was worn by the House of Culture of Railway Workers in Sverdlovsk .
• A street in the town of Stalinir of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region (now the Republic of South Ossetia), after the renaming of the town of Staliner into the city of Tskhinvali (now - Tskhinval), the street was renamed into Oktyabrskaya Street.

• People's elected representatives of Karelia: Deputies of the highest representative bodies of power of the USSR, RSFSR, the Russian Federation from Karelia and the highest representative bodies of power of Karelia, 1923—2006: a reference book / Avt.-status. A.I. Butvilo . - Petrozavodsk, 2006. - 320 p. - ISBN 5-8430-0109-1

• Chronos
• TSB
• "Andrei Andreevich Andreev and his grave"
• Autobiography for the Pomegranate Dictionary
• http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/01003.asp
• http://www.novodugino.ru/index.php?page=andreev.html&Cheme=blue&sel=0
• https://web.archive.org/web/20131231023852/http://www.istprof.atlabs.ru/729.html
• http://libinfo.org/index/index.php?id=8295