Cross jellyfish [1] , cross jellyfish [2] or gonionema [3] ( lat. Gonionemus vertens ) is a poisonous hydromedusa that lives in the coastal waters of the North Pacific (from China to California) [4] [5] . A small population (possibly imported) is noted in the western Atlantic ) [5] . Jellyfish are kept in thickets of sea grass. Polyps with a size of only about 0.5 mm are formed during metamorphosis of ordinary planulae. Polyps are capable of budding frustules (planuliform kidneys devoid of cilia), which turn into polyps, as well as jellyfish. The formation of frustules and jellyfish inside cysts formed by polyps is described [6] .
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| Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz , 1862 |
The diameter of the "umbrella" is 25-40 mm. A cross-shaped pattern formed by colored internal organs ( gonads located along four radial channels of the digestive system) is visible inside the transparent body. Along the edges of the umbrella there are about 60 thin tentacles carrying thickenings - accumulations of stinging cells. The tentacles have a sharp bend near the top. The length of the tentacles can vary, for fully extended tentacles it exceeds the diameter of the umbrella.
The stinging cells of the jellyfish are not fatal, but extremely painful.
Notes
- ↑ Yavnov S.V. Atlas of the gastrointestinal Far Eastern seas of Russia / ed. V.I. Chuchukalo. - Vladivostok: Russian Island, 2010 .-- S. 43. - 168 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-93577-044-0 .
- ↑ Orlov B.N., Gelashvili D.B., Ibragimov A.K. Poisonous animals and plants of the USSR // Reference manual for university students on special. "Biology". - M .: Higher School, 1990. - 272 p. - 230,000 copies. - ISBN 5-06-001027-9 .
- ↑ Gonionema // Hermaphrodite - Grigoriev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2007. - P. 407. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 7). - ISBN 978-5-85270-337-8 .
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov, 3rd ed. M. "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1972. T. 7. Gogol - Debit, 1972, 608 S.
- ↑ 1 2 Pam Fuller. 2007. Gonionemus vertens. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Revision Date: 8/2/2007
- ↑ Uchida T. A new Sporozoan-like reproduction in the Hydromedusa, Gonionemus vertens // Proceedings of Japan Academy. - 1976. - Vol. 52, No. 7 . - P. 387-388.
Literature
- Studies of poisonous jellyfish "cross" . - Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - Vladivostok, 1974.
Links
- Schuchert, P. (2016). Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862. In: Schuchert, P. (2017). World Hydrozoa database . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at [1] on 2017-05-02
- Cross jellyfish: photo in the gallery of the underwater world of Primorye.
- Beautiful and dangerous inhabitants of the sea article on the website of the Far Eastern Geological Institute