New serbia

In 1751, Colonel of the Austrian service Ivan Samoilovich Horvath addressed the Russian envoy in Vienna with a request for permission to him and other Serbs to settle in Russia. It was about the Serbs, called the borderlands , long used by Austria to protect its borders from the Turks, their settlements in modern Vojvodina , Slavonia , Serbian Krajina and Dalmatia were arranged according to the Cossack principle. Despite the privileged position in the Austrian Empire (the Serbs who were guarding the border were exempted from taxes), some of them felt uncomfortable in a Catholic country, where they were constantly pressured by the Catholic clergy to persuade them to Catholicism or union . The solution was resettlement to Russia. Already in 1723, the Serbian Hussar Regiment of Major Ivan Albanese moved to Russia and was settled in the vicinity of the Tor fortress (later the city of Slavyansk ). The reason for the beginning of emigration was the abolition of sections of the border along the rivers Tisza and Marosh . Serbs living on these lands were invited to either move to other parts of the border, or become Hungarian citizens, which meant the loss of privileged border status. The Russian Empire obtained Vienna’s consent to recruit Serbs for resettlement on the territory of modern Ukraine (later the Austrians changed their position on this issue). In 1750, Russian recruiters of the Serbs T. Voic, D. Peric, and P. Tekelia arrived in the Austrian Empire ^[1] .

The Russian government reacted positively to the Croatian proposal, at the same time a plan was born to attract other immigrants from the Balkans of the Orthodox faith to the lands of Little Russia. Of the immigrants, it was later planned to recruit hussar and pandur regiments . On July 13 ( 24 ), 1751 , Empress Elizaveta Petrovna announced to Horvath, in response to his request, that “no matter how much of the Serbian people they wish to go to the Russian Empire, they will all be accepted as believers, into service and citizenship.”

On October 10 ( 21 ), 1751 , the first column of immigrants arrived in Kiev - out of 77 people, led by Ivan Horvat. Within a month, several more small groups arrived. In total, 276 people arrived, 107 of them military, the rest - households and servants ^[2] Beginning in 1752, immigrants began to arrive regularly. They were assigned to settle the land in the Dnieper steppes, between the Sinyukha and Dnieper rivers . The colonists were settled by number companies , for which trenches were built, from which significant towns subsequently grew in New Russia. Allocated land was allocated to the personnel of the company - ordinary 20-30 quarters , warrant officers - 50, lieutenants - 80, captains - 100.

The capital of New Serbia was the military city - the trench of Novomirgorod . Novo-Serbia had an autonomous status and was directly subordinate to the Senate and the Military College . Her first chapter was Horvath, promoted to major general in Russia. The settlers were divided into hussar regiments, company-shants, which were both territorial and military and administrative units.

At that time, Novorossia consisted of the center - the military city (fortress) of St. Elizabeth , New Serbia, military settlements - Shants south of New Serbia. Its strategic importance was due to the fact that it was on the way of the raids of the Crimean Tatars along their favorite route, and also, it was an important springboard for the transfer of Russian troops to the south, to the Crimea .

In 1752, Shevich and Preradovich asked Empress Elizabeth Petrov to welcome them separate lands from Horvat. Their request was granted, and thus the Slavic Serbia arose between the rivers Lugan and Bakhmut on the right bank of the Seversky Donets ^[3] .

In 1754, Ukrainian Cossacks were relocated to New Serbia, from which the Novoslobod Cossack Regiment was formed.

New Serbia was subordinate to the Military Collegium , its inhabitants (as well as the population of Slavian Serbia) were allowed to engage in "free" trade (including foreign trade in the Crimea, Moldova and Poland) and crafts ^[4] . In December 1757, 1023 people were sent to the Seven Years War from New Serbia ^[5] . In January 1758, Croatia was ordered to close outposts on the border with Turkey ^[5] . In addition, relations between Horvath and neighboring countries escalated. The settlers of New Serbia in 1756-1758 raided the Polish lands, from where they drove not only cattle, but also women and children ^[5] . Also, the Serbian hussars attacked the Crimean Tatars, who drove cattle for sale to Poland under the protection of the Uman Cossacks for sale in Poland (in accordance with an international agreement), killing 20 people ^[6] . Finally, unrest began among the settlers themselves. In 1760, an uprising broke out of soldiers and private hussars of the Novomirgorod garrison against I. S. Horvat and his officers, who underpaid their salaries ^[7] . The riot was suppressed, and five of its instigators executed. ^[7]

In 1758, the investigation began on raids on Polish lands, and in 1762 on postscript in New Serbia and Slavic Serbia. In December 1763, a census was conducted by the Commission of Inquiry, which established that out of 2,674 inhabitants of New Serbia, only 1,043 were Serbs by nationality ^[8] . Catherine II noted that 700 thousand rubles were spent on the resettlement of Serbs in Russia and on the equipment of points for them in 1752-1762 ^[9] .

On April 13 ( 24 ), 1764 , New Serbia became part of the Novorossiysk province created by Catherine . At the end of the XVIII century, its inhabitants were assigned to state peasants, officers received the nobility, estates. Part of the Serbs went to the Kuban , where they merged with the local Cossacks. The Serbian Hussar Regiment, created in the 1770s, received the name Bakhmutsky in the capital of New Serbia, which was also the capital of Slavic Serbia.

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  Grenadier plaque on Pandur hats with the inscription "New Serbia"
  1732 - 1761 ^[10]

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  Hussar of the Serbian Regiment,
  from 1741 to 1761 . ^[eleven]

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  Wahmister of the Serbian Hussar Regiment , from 1741 to 1761. ^[12]

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  Officer of the Serbian Hussar Regiment,
  from 1741 to 1761 ^[13]

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  Private Serbian Hussar Regiment,
  from 1763 to 1776 ^[14]

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  Non-commissioned officer and Auber officer of the Serbian Hussar Regiment,
  from 1763 to 1776 ^[15]

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  Non-commissioned officer of the Serbian Hussar Regiment, from 1776 to 1783. ^[16]

• Slavoserbia
• New Russia

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• New serbia
• Gusterin P.V. On the Settlement by Serbs of New Russia (Neopr.) . Portal "Russia in Colors" (August 27, 2015). Date of treatment July 3, 2019.