Plum ( Latin Prúnus ) - genus of plants of the family Pink ( Rosaceae ). It includes about 250 species distributed mainly in the northern temperate regions of the globe . Many representatives of the genus - widely known fruit crops .
| Plum | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Plum home - type species of the genus Plum. Ripe fruits on the branch | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Prunus L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Prunus domestica L., 1753 - Home plum | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Many species that are now included in the genus Prunus , previously stood out in independent genera, they have Russian names that are not associated with the Russian name of the genus: cherry , peach , apricot , almond , cherry , bird cherry and others.
Content
Botanical description
The leaves are simple, lanceolate, dentate along the edge.
The flowers are usually white or pink, with five petals and five sepals , solitary or in umbrellas from two to six inflorescences , or up to 20 or more in the brushes of the cherry trees.
The fruit is a drupe with a relatively large bone.
Classification
According to modern concepts, the genus belongs to the subfamily Amygdaloideae - Almond (syn. Prunoideae - Plum ) [2] .
According to the Germplasm Resources Information Network , the genus Prunus includes four subgenera [2] (previously they were often separated into independent genera):
- Almond ( Prunus subgen. Amygdalus ). Axillary buds in threes. Flowers appear in early spring on leafless branches. Representatives - Almond ordinary ( Prunus dulcis ), common peach ( Prunus persica ).
- Cherries ( Prunus subgen. Cerasus ). Sinus kidney one. There are two sections [2] :
- Prunus subg. Cerasus sect. Cerasus . Representatives - common cherry ( Prunus cerasus ), cherry tree cherry ( Prunus pensylvanica ).
- Prunus subg. Cerasus sect. Laurocerasus . Representatives - laurel medicinal ( Prunus laurocerasus ), bird cherry ( Prunus padus ).
- Prunus subg. Emplectocladus . The only representative of the subgenus is the North American species Prunus fasciculata .
- Plum ( Prunus subgen. Prunus ). Sinus kidney one. Flowers appear at the beginning of spring on non-leafy branches. There are five sections [2] :
- Prunus subg. Prunus sect. Armeniaca . The representative is common apricot ( Prunus armeniaca ).
- Prunus subg. Prunus sect. Microcerasus Representative - cherry felt ( Prunus tomentosa ).
- Prunus subg. Prunus sect. Penarmeniaca . Representative - dwarf plum ( Prunus pumila ).
- Prunus subg. Prunus sect. Prunocerasus . Representatives are Prunus americana , Prunus nigra .
- Prunus subg. Prunus sect. Prunus . Representatives - home plum ( Prunus domestica ), cherry plum ( Prunus cerasifera ).
Types
Total genus includes at least 254 species [3] .
- American plum ( Prunus americana )
- Narrow-leaved plum ( Prunus angustifolia )
- Manchurian Apricot (Prunus mandschurica)
- Common Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca )
- Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium )
- Cherry plum ( Prunus cerasifera )
- Common cherry ( Prunus cerasus )
- Cherry plum plum ( Prunus divaricata )
- Home plum ( Prunus domestica typus [4] )
- Almond ordinary ( Prunus dulcis )
- Bush plum ( Prunus fruticosa )
- Ferrous cherry ( Prunus glandulosa )
- Plum garden American ( Prunus hortulana )
- Laurel Cherry ( Prunus laurocerasus )
- Lavrovishnya Portuguese ( Prunus lusitanica )
- Cheryukha Maak ( Prunus maackii )
- Cheryuha antipka ( Prunus mahaleb )
- Sea plum ( Prunus maritima )
- Japanese plum ( Prunus mume )
- Plum Munson ( Prunus munsoniana )
- Canadian Plum ( Prunus nigra )
- Black cherry ( Prunus padus )
- Black cherry pennyvanskaya ( Prunus pensylvanica )
- Peach ( Prunus persica )
- Chinese plum ( Prunus salicina )
- Apricot Plum ( Prunus simonii )
- Black cherry ( Prunus serotina )
- Sakura ( Prunus serrulata )
- The turn ( prunus spinosa )
- Coastal plum ( Prunus subcordata )
- Shaggy plum ( Prunus subhirtella )
- Prunus tenella Batsch - Steppe Almond
- Prunus triloba Lindl. - Almond three-blade
- Ussurian plum ( Prunus ussuriensis )
- Bird cherry ( Prunus virginiana )
Plum in culture
In Moscow, as a result of phenological observations made by B. N. Vorobyov, it was established that Chinese and cherry plums begin to grow and bloom before domestic plums; plum genotypes are characterized by a wide response rate by the date of the beginning of the growing season; varieties of domestic ( Victoria , Zyuzinskaya , Orlovskaya Early and others), Chinese ( Red Ball , Skoroplodnaya , and Amber Balls ) varieties are characterized by a short growing season, and hybrid cherry plum ( Russian plum ) [ 5] .
The study of the degree of fruiting plum conducted from 1999-2009. in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region , in the laboratory area of the GNTU VSTISP of the Russian Agricultural Academy . There were estimated 245 varieties and forms of the plum subfamily, including 160 varieties and forms of home plums , 31 Chinese and Canadian plum samples, 56 Russian plums (hybrid cherry plum). Varieties with a regular, fairly high level of fruiting: Plum 'Interesting' , 'Very Early' , 'Black Tula' , 'Yakhontovaya' ; cherry plum 'Kuban Comet' [6] .
Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Plum (English) : information on the GRIN website. (Checked August 9, 2015)
- ↑ Prunus (English) . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). The appeal date is October 1, 2016.
- ↑ NCU-3e. Names in current use for extant plant genera. Electronic version 1.0. Entry for Prunus L. (Eng.) (Retrieved August 4, 2009)
- Б. Vorobiev B.N. Evaluation of plum source material (Prunus L.) for breeding in the Moscow region. - Author. dis. Cand. S.-H. Sciences .. - M. , 1995. - 21 p.
- ↑ Simonov V. S. Fruiting plums in the Moscow Region // Horticulture and Viticulture. - 2010. - № 3. - p. 33-36.
Literature
- Plum / G. A. Kursakov // Safflower - Soan. - M .: The Soviet Encyclopedia, 1976. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 23).
- Anzin B.N. Cherry and Plum . - M .: Moscow Worker , 1955. - 144 p.
Links
- Vorobiev B. Plum, familiar and unfamiliar . Information garden center. The appeal date is October 18, 2013.
- Vorobiev B. Unusual plums - apricot plum, alpine, American and ... cherry tree . Information garden center. The appeal date is October 18, 2013.