The Oryol-Bryansk operation is a defensive operation of the Soviet troops , which was the initial part of the Moscow strategic defensive operation of 1941-1942 . Lasted from September 30 to October 23, 1941 . It was carried out simultaneously with the Vyazma defensive operation as a general counteraction against the onset of the German offensive against Moscow within the framework of Operation Typhoon. During the operation, units of the Red Army were surrounded by superior enemy forces, but were able to stop the advance of the 2nd Panzer Group of Guderian (from October 6th - the 2nd Panzer Army) and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. Then, the surviving units broke through the encirclement and occupied the defensive lines. As a result of the operation, the attack on Moscow was delayed for more than two weeks, which allowed the Soviet troops to regroup and tighten reserves, including from the Far East .
Oryol-Bryansk operation in 1941 | |||
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Main conflict: World War II , World War II | |||
The environment of the main forces of the Bryansk Front in October 1941 | |||
date | September 30 - October 23, 1941 | ||
A place | central Russia | ||
Total | Germany's strategic victory The catastrophe of the Red Army under Vyazma and Roslavl | ||
Opponents | |||
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Commanders | |||
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Forces of the parties | |||
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Also referred to as the Defensive operation on the Oryol and Kursk directions [1] .
Content
Forces of the parties
Bryansk front of the Soviet Army:
- 50th Army
- 3rd Army
- 13th army
- operative group of Major General A. N. Yermakov
1st Guards Rifle Corps (Corps Commander - D. D. Lelyushenko )
Army Group "Center" of the Germans:
- 2nd Army
- 2nd Panzer Group (from October 6th - 2nd Panzer Army)
Conducting an Operation
At the end of September 1941, the troops of the Bryansk Front covered Bryansk-Kaluga and Sevsk-Oryol-Tula directions. The front edge of their defense in the 290 km lane passed along the line Snopot , Pochep , Pogar , Glukhov .
On September 30, the troops of the German Army Group "Center" from Shostka and the south of Roslavl went on the offensive. By the end of the day, the defense of the 50th and 13th armies was broken.
On October 1, Stalin summoned General D. D. Lelushenko to bid and set the task of stopping Guderian’s tank group, which was breaking through the Bryansk Front and advancing on the Eagle, by the forces of the emerging 1st Guards Rifle Corps . The hull should have been formed in 4-5 days. However, on the same night, General Lelyushenko is again summoned to the headquarters and they report that Guderian is already very close to Orel. Lelyushenko realized that in 1-2 days allotted by the rate for the formation of the corps he simply would not have time to organize the defense of the city. General Lelushenko decides to leave the Eagle without a fight and organize the defense south of Mtsensk by the forces of the 36th Motorcycle Regiment, which is in reserve and the Tula Artillery School. Stalin approved this decision by drawing a line of defense in the Mtsensk area along the r. Zusha.
On October 2, Guderian’s tank group took Kromy , from where it moved to Orel along the Kromskoye Highway. At this time, the headquarters of Lelyushenko had not even approached Mtsensk .
On October 3, at about 10 am, Guderian approached the southern outskirts of Orel .
From the memoirs of the chief of the operational section of the headquarters of the Bryansk Front, Sandalov LM
On October 3, the threat of encirclement was clearly hanging over the troops of the Bryansk Front. That day, unexpectedly for the command and headquarters of the Bryansk Front and the Oryol Military District, Guderian's head corps broke through to Orel and immediately seized the city. The chief of staff of the district managed only to shout on the phone to Zakharov:
- German tanks broke into the Eagle! Parts of the garrison did not have time to take up positions near the southwestern outskirts of Orel. Lieutenant-General A. A. Tyurin, the district commander, left for the position on the southern outskirts of the city and has not returned yet. The headquarters is now leaving the city.
Meanwhile, in Orel at that time there were 4 artillery anti-tank regiments, a howitzer artillery regiment and several infantry units. Most of these forces were preparing to repel the enemy as they moved from the south, on the side of Kursk. Bryansk Front could not hold the enemy. Troop control was lost. In this regard, the Headquarters was forced to subordinate the armies of the front directly to itself, but this could not help the front. The enemy on the fifth day of the offensive, breaking the 250 km, on 3 October broke into the Eagle.
In order to gain time for organizing the defense near Mtsensk, which is only 50 km from the regional center, the landing of the 201st airborne brigade (from the 5th RVGS airborne corps ) deployed to Orel from Teikovo Ivanovo region. The transportation was carried out by PS-84 and TB-3 aircraft from the 23rd Air Division. In the city itself only part of the brigade landed - the 1st battalion and reconnaissance company of the 201st airborne brigade - about 500 people. The airfield is located on the southwestern outskirts of the city, so the paratroopers immediately entered the battle and restrained the enemy until about 19 o'clock. In total, on October 3, 1,358 people were transferred to the Orla region. Of these, as already mentioned, about 500 are directly to Oryol, the same number to the Optushan airfield DOSAAF, the rest to other points, including to the Crom region. In Orel itself, at the turn that passed through Kromskoye Highway, not only paratroopers fought, but also Chekists from the 146th local separate convoy battalion of internal troops of the NKVD, commanded by Captain A. A. Lobachev - the only troops stationed in the city. Having not made his way to the southwest, Guderian moved from the Seminar and Luzhkov and took the Eagle , where, according to his personal observations, the trams still ran.
The paratroopers made it possible for Lelyushenko to organize defense on the approaches to Mtsensk. Along with the motorcycle regiment, the 1st Guards Rifle Corps included the 4th and 11th Tank Brigades, the 6th Guards Rifle Division, the 34th Internal Troops Regiment, the Mortar Division of the Guard ("Katyush").
On October 6, the Germans occupied Karachev and Bryansk . The armies of the Bryansk Front were dismembered, the main part of their units was surrounded. The German command allocated 4 of the 5 corps of the 2nd Tank Army for the liquidation of the surrounded Soviet troops.
The defense on the Oryol - Mtsensk sector lasted 9 days. During the operation, Guderian's tank group in battles with the 4th tank brigade of Katukov lost 133 tanks.
By October 20 - 23, Soviet troops broke through the front line of the encirclement and reached the line of Belev , Mtsensk , Ponyri , Fatezh , Lgov : the 50th Army - in the area of the city of Belev ; The 13th Army - in the area of the city of Lgov ; 3rd Army - in the area Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky . By October 29, the 50th Army was fighting at the turn of Pavshino, Kurakovo, Dedilovo; The 3rd Army was concentrated in the area of Shchigry and Livny and was transferred to the area of the city of Efremov to cover the gap between the 50th and 13th armies. The 13th Army fought at the turn of Maloarkhangelsk , Shchigry and Tim [1] .
Summary
The stubborn defense of the troops of the Bryansk Front disrupted the pace of the German offensive in the Tula direction and held down large enemy forces for 17 days, which made it possible to prepare the defense lines in the area of Tula and the Mozhaisk line of defense and disrupted the plan for deep coverage of Moscow from the rear [2] [3] .
Warriors awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for the operation
- Vozdvizhensky Nikolay Nikolaevich , senior lieutenant, deputy commander of a squadron of the 62nd ground attack aviation regiment of the 233rd assault aviation division of the 4th air army, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Gold Star number 5965 [1] .
- Ivanov Anatoly Vasilyevich , captain, deputy squadron commander of the 455th Smolensk Red Banner Long-Range Aviation Regiment of the 48th Riga Long-Range Aviation Division of the 8th Long-Range Aviation Corps of the USSR Supreme Council on March 13, 1944, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Gold Star No. 3581 [1] .
- Izhutov Nikolay Stepanovich , captain, radio navigation instructor, deputy navigator of the 108th Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 36th Bomber Aviation Division of the 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Corps (second formation) of the 18th Air Army by decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of May 15, 1946 awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Gold Star No. 4711 [1] [4] .
- Vasily Dmitrievich Pokolodny , senior lieutenant, commander of the 24th Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 61st mixed aviation division of the Bryansk Front, by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council of February 14, 1943, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Posthumously [1] .
- Anatoly Anatolyevich Raftopullo , captain, commander of a tank battalion of the 30th tank regiment of the 4th (1st Guards) tank brigade of the 16th Army of the Western Front, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet on January 11, 1942. Gold Star number 694 [1] .
- Ilya Kuzmich Tikhomirov , senior lieutenant, commander of communications of the squadron of the 24th Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 61st Mixed Aviation Division of the Bryansk Front, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 14, 1943, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Posthumously [1] .
- Nikolay Viktorovich Tikhonov , captain, squadron commander of the 42nd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 240th Fighter Aviation Division of the 3rd Air Army, on February 4, 1942, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Posthumously [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Defensive operation on the Oryol and Kursk areas . ELAR Corporation . Electronic resource "Memory of the people". The appeal date is September 18, 2016.
- ↑ Great War. Orlov-Bryansk defensive operation. Archived June 10, 2008.
- ↑ Battle of Orel - two years: facts, statistics, analysis: in 2 books. / Egor Shchekotohin; Administration of Oryol Region, Oryol Region Council of People's Deputies, Oryol State. University, Kaf. Patriotic history. - Eagle: Ed. Alexander Vorobiev, 2006. - 24 cm. Book. 1. - 2006. - 695 p. : il., portr., table., fax .; ISBN 5-900901-77-7 ]
- ↑ Award list for the Hero of the Soviet Union Izhutov
Literature
- Lopukhovsky L.N. 1941: Vyazemskaya catastrophe. - 2nd ed., Revised and revised. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo , 2008. - 640 p. - ISBN 978-5-699-30305-2 .
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to the Oryol-Bryansk operation
- Oryol-Bryansk defensive operation September 30 - October 23, 1941 on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense
- Oryol-Bryansk defensive operation 1941
- samsv.narod.ru // Oryol-Bryansk operation of 1941
- victory.mil.ru / Orlovsko-Bryansk operation in 1941
- Journal "Union State". Hitler's first defeat
- World War II operations
- Eagle. October 1941