Asbestos cement slate (from it. Schiefer - slate ) - roofing construction material, which is an asbestos cement sheets of a flat and wavy shape.
Content
Characteristics
In modern construction , slate is used in the form of corrugated sheets (GOST 30340-95 Asbestos cement corrugated sheets. Technical conditions) and in the form of flat sheets (GOST 18124-95 Flat asbestos cement sheets. Technical conditions), which are used not only as roofing material, but and for decorating. Asbestos cement slate is durable, durable, easy to install, inexpensive material, with strong positions in the market of roofing materials [1] , but harmful to human health [2] .
Slate sizes
- 5-wave: length 1750 mm, width 980 mm, thickness 5.8 mm;
- 6-wave: length 1750 mm, width 1125 mm, thickness 6 mm, 7.5 mm;
- 7-wave: length 1750 mm, width 980 mm, thickness 5.2 mm, 5.8 mm;
- 8-wave: length 1750 mm, width 1130 mm, thickness 5.2 mm, 5.8 mm [3] .
Benefits of Asbestos Slate
- Due to its hardness, slate usually withstands the weight of a person, in contrast to soft roofing materials (for example, roofing felt ).
- Low heat in sunny weather. Other materials, such as metal tiles and profiled sheeting , can heat up very much.
- Durability.
- Incombustible.
- Easily handled by mechanical tools.
- Does not corrode , unlike metallic coatings.
- It has good electrical insulation properties.
- Maloshumen, unlike a metal roof, during a rain and a hail.
- Cheaper than most other roofing materials.
- The slate roof can be repaired by replacing individual broken sheets with new ones.
Disadvantages
- The presence among the components of amphibole asbestos, which is harmful to human health. Now only chrysotile asbestos is used, the danger of which is significantly lower.
- Over time, covered with algae and moss. Nowadays, this deficiency is eliminated by penetrating priming compositions, simultaneously increasing the resistance to water and, as a result, the durability of the roof.
- Slate is heavier than many other roofing materials. Installing it on the roof manually requires physical strength (for reference: the weight of the eight-wave slate sheet TU 5781-016-00281594-2007 is 1750 × 1130 mm with a nominal thickness of 4.8 mm - 21.6 kg).
- Relatively fragile, requires careful handling during transport and installation.
- When heated in an open fire, it breaks up into small parts, and it can scatter sparks of combustible materials that, when exposed to flammable surfaces, cause them to ignite.
The safety of asbestos cement slate as an asbestos-containing material
Slate containing chrysotile asbestos
Chrysotile asbestos is used in slate production in Belarus , Russia and Ukraine . According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , chrysotile asbestos, whose share in the US is 95% of all asbestos present in the country's building structures, and which is produced in Russia, is a dangerous carcinogenic type of asbestos along with other types of asbestos. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 125 million people are currently exposed to asbestos in workplaces around the world, and about 107,000 people die each year from diseases caused by asbestos if they do not comply with workplace safety [4] .
Consumption of asbestos in Europe has recently been rapidly declining. On January 1, 1997, the use of asbestos was banned in France . Since 2005, the use of asbestos in the European Union is completely prohibited [5] . In total in the world 60 countries have completely or partially banned the use of asbestos.
The effect of asbestos in buildings constructed with its use may be exposed to all the people who are in this building, work there or live. [6]
In Russia, according to the approved list, three thousand types of products containing chrysotile asbestos are allowed to use [7] . At the same time, the use of asbestos-containing materials due to the danger of asbestos dust being generated in residential premises is prohibited or permitted while ensuring isolation of dust penetration into the room [8] [9] [10] .
In Russia, the maximum allowable concentration of asbestos dust, including chrysotile asbestos, as carcinogenic (causes the formation of malignant tumors during inhalation exposure [11] ) and fibrogenic (causes asbestosis ) is normalized:
- in the air of working areas: maximum one-time - 2 mg / m 3 (6 mg / m 3 for asbestos-cement dust), medium-shift - 0.5 mg / m 3 (4 mg / m 3 for asbestos-cement, asbestos-bekelite and asbestos-thresin dust) [12] ;
- in the air of populated areas (with the content of chrysotile asbestos in dust up to 10%): the average daily content is 0.06 fibers per ml [13] .
Products containing chrysotile asbestos are manufactured in the USA, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, China, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Iran, Thailand, Indonesia, the CIS countries.
The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 1998 No. 869 “On the Position of the Russian Federation on the Use of Chrysotile Asbestos”, which stated that “adopted asbestos bans in a number of countries are based on medico-biological and statistics on asbestos-related diseases caused mainly by the use of asbestos of the amphibole group, and do not take into account national socio-economic interests, the results of scientific studies edovany and scientific and technological achievements of recent years. "
The results of numerous studies on the problem of “Chrysotile and Health” performed by foreign and Russian scientists confirm the possibility of the safe, controlled use of chrysotile.
Slate containing amphibole asbestos
Slate containing amphibole asbestos was previously used in EU countries and was later banned due to the fact that amphibole asbestos is a carcinogen . Amphibole asbestos in the form of small fibers is carcinogenic and dangerous for people who have been working in a dusty environment for a long time [1] and, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) , can cause mesothelioma , as well as lung , larynx and ovarian cancer [14] .
In countries that do not have stocks of chrysotile asbestos and are not able to produce building materials on its basis, now there is a replacement of materials containing amphibole asbestos with safe ones.
See also
- Asbestos
- Tiling
- Ruberoid
- Shingles
Notes
- 2 1 2 http://www.ecoaccord.org/pop/doc/asbest.doc
- ↑ Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of April 21, 2008 No. 27 (ed. December 22, 2014) "On approval of SanPiN 1.2.2353-08" (together with "SanPiN 1.2.2353-08. Carcinogenic factors and basic requirements for the prevention of carcinogenic / ConsultantPlus . Www.consultant.ru. Circulation date October 29, 2015.
- ↑ Dimensions of slate .
- ↑ Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases
- ↑ France Calls For Worldwide Asbestos Ban (eng.) Archived April 15, 2012.
- ↑ Asbestos in Schools | Asbestos | US EPA
- ↑ Passion for asbestos
- ↑ Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.3.757-99 “Working with asbestos and asbestos-containing materials” /5.7. New construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, repair, conservation and demolition of buildings using asbestos-containing insulation materials Archival copy of May 5, 2016 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Recommendations on labor protection when using asbestos-containing materials and products in administrative and non-production buildings , Approved January 30, 2003 Deputy. Minister of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and Deputy. Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Services.
- ↑ Hygienic standards GN 2.1.2 / 2.2.1.1009-00 “List of asbestos-cement materials and structures permitted for use in construction” .
- ↑ Hygienic standards GN 1.1.725-98 "List of substances, products, production processes, domestic and natural factors that are carcinogenic to humans" Archival copy of May 6, 2016 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Hygienic standards GN 2.2.5.1313-03 "Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCs) of Harmful Substances in the Air of the Work Area" Archival copy dated April 19, 2016 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Hygienic standards GN 2.1.6.695-98 “Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCs) of Pollutants in the Atmospheric Air in Populated Areas” Archival copy of May 6, 2016 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Asbestos: Eliminating the incidence of asbestos. WHO Report No. 343 - July 2010