Vyazma (station)

Railway station station Vyazma. The beginning of the XX century. Post card.

The concession for the construction of the Moscow-Smolensk railway received the highest approval and was approved by Emperor Alexander II as early as December 15, 1868. The government and business circles understood the importance and significance of the railway, which in future should link the industrial center of the Russian Empire with Western Europe along the shortest route through Mozhaisk , Vyazma , Smolensk and Minsk .

The founders of the mutual partnership for the construction of the route were the “Riga Trading House A. Shepeler and Co.” and the “Banking House of the Sulzbach Brothers” in Frankfurt am Main .

On September 19, 1870, the sole opening of the normal-gauge single-track Moscow-Smolensk railway took place, and the next day the railway station (pictured), the cargo yard and the locomotive shed were opened. Through the Vyazma station began freight and passenger regular movement of trains.

In 1873 , the station was taken over by the newly established Society of the Moscow-Brest Railway , and in 1892 the road from Smolensk to Moscow became a two-way. At the end of the XIX century, the station was expanded, new warehouses appeared, side railways, a coal warehouse and a water tower were built.

According to engineer A. Tukhin, the Vyazma station as of 1898 was one of the 7 “exchange points” with the Nikolaev and Syzran-Vyazma railroads. Data on the passage of low and high speed trains are reflected in the comparison table of the stations of the Moscow-Brest railway below ^[6] .

In World War I, the station was an important strategic point for receiving - sending, passing military and sanitary trains. With the outbreak of hostilities, Vyazma found itself at the center of a refugee stream. Refugees followed through the Smolensk province inland. The evacuation of cities in the Kingdom of Poland , the Northwestern and Baltic regions markedly affected the increase in passenger traffic ^[7] . There have been numerous cases of infectious diseases. At the station, food and medical assistance was provided at the station with the assistance and assistance of the Tatiana Committee established at the initiative of the Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova ^{[8] to} seekers and other passengers. In the station building, a “Special Bureau” was opened, which was responsible for arranging travel documents and registering refugees, as well as a medical and food point ^[9] .

During the Great Patriotic War, the city ​​and the railway junction were subjected to numerous bombardments from the air and shelling of artillery. The city began to be bombed regularly on the night of June 30, 1941 ^[10] - in the first weeks of the war. On July 31, 1941, fascist aviation made the first massive raid on the railway station. Hundreds of civilians died. In memory of this, a memorial plaque is installed on the building of the railway station. In August-September 1941, partisan-sabotage groups of railway workers under the command of the former head of the Roslavl locomotive depot KS Zaslonov and other commanders from among the personnel of the Vyazma department of the NKVD and the city party organizations ^[11] were organized and sent to the enemy's rear at the station.

By the time the city was liberated from the Nazi invaders, the railway station was almost completely destroyed, the access roads were blown up, the track facilities were in terrible condition. After the war, the railway track, office and technical buildings were repaired. Regular passenger service was resumed with Moscow , Kaluga , Smolensk , Rzhev .

By the nature of the main work is a precinct , the volume of work performed is attributed to extracurricular, the track development scheme is one-sided. Included in the Smolensk Center for the organization of work of railway stations DSSS-6 Moscow Directorate of Traffic Management.

It is a station of the junction of two types of current: from the west, on the side of Smolensk, the main passage is electrified with a voltage of 25 kV, alternating current; from the east, from the side of Moscow - 3 kV, direct current. A single-track, non-electrified chord line from Likhoslavl and Rzhev approaches from the north, and single-track non-electrified lines to Kaluga-1 , Tula , Ryazhsk-1 and Bryansk (branching out at Vyazma-Bryansk station) run from the south.

The bridge to the north of the station provides the possibility of traveling along the latitudinal course Rzhev - Syzran-1 without crossing the routes. Located in the eastern part of the city.

Track facilities has five parks for various purposes:

At the station there is a locomotive depot (TCE-41). The following rolling stock is used: electric locomotives VL80S , ChS4T , VL10U , diesel locomotives 2M62U , CHME3 . In the depot there is a turntable , which was previously necessary for the turnover of steam vessels. The access roads to the industrial zone in the south of the city, to the east of the station and to the quarries to the south of the city, depart from the station.

The station has one high side and two low island passenger platforms connected by a pedestrian bridge. Not equipped with turnstiles . The station is located at the first, high platform.

The station stops all long-distance trains going through Smolensk. At the end of 2007, there were 17 couples. The stop time for all trains is 23 minutes. A relatively long stopping time is associated with a change of locomotives. The exception is the electric train "Lastochka" Moscow - Smolensk (parking takes 3 minutes), and the high-speed train "Strizh" Moscow - Berlin, which does not stop at the station.

The station is the terminal for 2 pairs of electric trains from / to Mozhaisk and 3 pairs from / to Borodino (connected to electric trains from / to Moscow in Mozhaysk / Borodino), 3 - to Smolensk, as well as diesel trains : 2 - to Rzhev, 1 - to Kaluga and 2 to Faience daily. From summer 1994 to the end of 2012 there were several pairs of direct suburban electric trains from Moscow, later they were divided along Mozhaysk / Borodino / Gagarin due to exceeding the limit of 200 km for suburban trains.

The driving time from Belorussky railway station is 4 hours and 15 minutes, from Smolensk - 3 hours and 15 minutes (by electric train). On passenger and fast trains of the Belarusian direction, the journey time from Belorussky railway station is from 2 hours and 20 minutes to 3 hours and 30 minutes, from Smolensk - from 1 hours and 40 minutes to 2 hours and 50 minutes.

Destinations, carriers and timetables

• Sale of passenger tickets. Reception and baggage claim.
• Receiving and issuing carload shipments of goods in open areas.
• Reception, storage, dispatch and delivery of carload shipments of cargoes (covered warehouses) ^[12] .

• List of docking stations of delivery rods

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