Valerian Lukasinsky ( Polish. Walerian Łukasiński , April 14, 1786 , Warsaw - February 27, 1868 , Shlisselburg ) - Polish officer, conspirator, political prisoner.
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Biography
Born in a noble family.
Service in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw
On April 15, 1807 he enlisted in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw . He served in the rifle regiment recruited in Plock, and took part in a summer campaign against the Prussians and Russians. In this campaign, Lukasinsky distinguished himself in several battles and was promoted to second lieutenant. During the reorganization of the troops of the Duchy of Warsaw, he moved to the sixth infantry regiment and then acted as adjutant to the administrative department inspector for the war department, Prince Yablonovsky. In 1809, Lukasinsky, with the rank of lieutenant, took part in the Austrian campaign and on July 5 was promoted to captain of the first mixed Galician-French infantry regiment formed here. After the conclusion of peace, he was transferred to classes in the war ministry, and therefore did not participate in the Russian campaign of 1812.
Service in the army of the Kingdom of Poland, political activities
However, a year later he joined the ranks of the Russian army and took part in a foreign campaign. When taking Dresden, Lukasinsky fell into Austrian captivity, from where he was released on July 8, 1814, thanks to the intervention of Emperor Alexander I. Returning to Warsaw, Lukasinsky joined the army of the Kingdom of Poland, reorganized by the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich , with the rank of captain of the fourth line regiment, in which he served as a major (March 20, 1817). In 1818 he wrote a book: “Comments of one officer about the recognized need for the device of the Jews in our country”, which was a response to the unfavorable brochure for Jews by Prince V. Krasinsky.
In 1819, he founded the “National Freemasonry” (Wolnomularstwo Narodowe), a Masonic organization, whose official goal was to improve morale in the army and society, and hidden to spread Polish national ideas and prepare an uprising for the purpose of Poland’s independence. The national Freemasonry included about 200 people, mostly officers. In 1820, the national Freemasonry was formally dissolved, but in its place Lukasinsky created a more deeply disguised Patriotic Partnership .
Arrest and life in prison
In the summer of 1822, Lukasinsky and his comrades were arrested. The special investigative commission took up the “National Freemasonry” case, but the authorities did not yet know about the “Patriotic Partnership”. Lukasinsky fenced off his comrades, but admitted that he fought for the independence of Poland. On June 1, 1824, a military court sentenced him to 9 years in prison; Emperor Alexander I reduced the term to 7 years.
In the Zamoć Fortress, where the convict was sent, Lukasinsky tried to organize a garrison riot in order to escape from the fortress. Then the governor Konstantin Pavlovich doubled his sentence. In October 1825, Lukasinsky gave extensive testimony about the "Patriotic Society", but no one was arrested - only after the Decembrist uprising, when he returned to his testimony again. Lukasinsky was transported to Warsaw, where he was placed in the barracks of the Volynsky regiment. When the Polish uprising broke out in 1830, the Russian troops, retreating from Warsaw, took Lukasinis with them.
At the end of December 1830, on the orders of Nicholas I, Lukasinsky was installed in the Shlisselburg fortress , where he spent the rest of his life (37 years, the longest prison term in the history of Shlisselburg [1] ). The instruction to the commandant said: “To contain the state criminal of the Kingdom of Poland in the most secret manner, so that no one but you will even know his name and where he came from.”
After the death of Nicholas I, Lukasinsky did not fall into the number of leaders of the Polish insurgents, who are subject to amnesty in connection with the coronation of the new emperor. In 1858, Lukasinsky's niece was denied a date with him. In 1861, the commandant of Shlisselburg appealed to the emperor with a request to alleviate the plight of a 75-year-old prisoner who already sees and hears poorly and is very unwell. Alexander II ordered to transfer Lukasinsky to a lighter room and allow him to walk inside the fortress. In 1862, a Catholic priest was admitted to Lukasinsky, but he was again denied access to his relatives. Lukasinsky died in February 1868, having spent 46 years in prison.
Notes
- ↑ "Science and Life" 12 1993
Links
- Biography of V. Lukasinsky (Polish) .