Antoine Augustin Cournot ( fr. Antoine Augustin Cournot ; August 28, 1801 , Gre - March 30 , 1877 , Paris) - French economist , philosopher and mathematician .
| Antoine Auguste Cournot | |
|---|---|
| Antoine Augustin Cournot | |
| Date of Birth | August 28, 1801 |
| Place of Birth | Gre , France |
| Date of death | March 30, 1877 (75 years) |
| Place of death | Paris , France |
| A country | France |
| Scientific field | Economics , Math |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | Higher normal school |
| Known as | Nash equilibrium Elasticity |
Born in Gre on August 28, 1801 . He studied at the Lyceum in Besançon , in 1821 he entered the Higher Normal School of Paris , in 1823 he received a degree in science, in 1827 - in law.
Ancestor of mathematics in political economy, was the rector of the academy in Grenoble , then in Dijon . His theory of chance is completely original; he first successfully applied mathematical methods to political economy. His works, especially the first ones, did not, however, have much success. He also owns “Des Institutions d'instruction publique en France” (P., 1864 ), interesting reports of mathematical content in Crelle's Journal and other collections, the publication of the memoirs of Marshal Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (Paris, 1831 ) and letters Euler (Paris, 1842 ).
Cournot's main contribution to economics is the study of the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth (1838).
Cournot applied his mathematical method only to those economic phenomena that allow the possibility of direct quantitative determination, namely, to prices and incomes. He creates a demand curve, with quantities in the form of ordinates and prices in the form of abscissas, determines the price at which turnover reaches its maximum, and specifically studies the case of monopoly, he examines the effect of taxes on goods produced monopolistically, the competition of producers in the market, the cumulative effect of the latter on different stages of production of goods , the formation of social income and the change in its international interaction of markets. The case, on the theory of which he worked in his other writings, seems to him to be a kind of positive element in the phenomena arising from the coexistence of many independent from each other series of reasons.
Works
His work on economics: A study of the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth “Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses” (Paris, 1838 ) and “Revue sommaire des doctrines économiques” (Paris, 1877 ), where he criticizes the law of supply and demand. Philosophical works: “Exposition de la théorie des chances et des. probabilités ”(P., 1843 ); “Essai sur les fondements de nos connaissances et sur les caractères de la critique philosophique” (P., 1851 ); "Matérialisme, vitalisme, rationalisme" (P., 1875 ; study on the value of natural science data for philosophy). Historical works: “Traité de l'enchaînement des idées fondamentales dans les sciences et dans l'histoire” (Dijon, 1861 ) and “Considérations sur la marche des idées et des événements dans les temps modernes” (P., 1872 ).
Literature
- Anikin A.V. Chapter Sixteen. The Say School and the Cournot Contribution // Youth of Science: Life and Ideas of Economists before Marx. - 2nd ed. - M .: Politizdat , 1975. - p. 313-319. - 384 s. - 50 000 copies
- Blaug M. Cournot, Antoine Augustin // 100 Great Economists Before Keynes = Great Economists. - SPb. : Economikus, 2008. - p. 152-154. - 352 s. - (Library of the "Economic School", vol. 42). - 1 500 copies - ISBN 978-5-903816-01-9 .
- Blumin I. G. Theory of Cournot // Critique of bourgeois political economy: In 3 volumes. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1962. - T. I. Subjective school in bourgeois political economy. - p. 491-532. - VIII, 872 p. - 3 200 copies
- Cournot, Antoine-Auguste // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.