This article is about the Guangdong Peninsula in northeast China. For the South China Province, see Guangdong article.
| Kwantung Peninsula | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
The Kwantung Peninsula , also Guangdong , ( Chinese trad. 關 東 , ex. 关 东 , pinyin : Guāndōng ) is a peninsula in the north-eastern part of China . It is the southwestern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula .
In 1898, the Kwantung Peninsula was leased by the Russian Empire , forming the Kwantung Region with the adjacent islands, and in 1903, together with the Amur Governor General, became part of the Far Eastern Viceroyalty. From the name of the peninsula comes the name of the Kwantung Army of Japan .
Content
History
During the Qing Dynasty, the entire Liaodong Peninsula was administratively part of Liaoning Province. In 1882, the Beiyang fleet established a naval base and coal supply station in Lushunkou at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula.
During the first Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), the Japanese Empire occupied this region and under the terms of the Shimonoseki Peace Treaty, Japan gained complete sovereignty over this region in April 1895. However, the terms of the Shimonosek Treaty were disputed within a few weeks after its conclusion during the triple diplomatic intervention of Germany, France and Russia, which forced Japan to return this territory to China.
In December 1897, Russian naval vessels entered the Liushunkou harbor and began to use the port as a forward base for patrolling operations in the Sea of Japan on the coast of northern China and Korea. Even then, Liushunkou harbor began to be called Port Arthur in the documents and press of the Russian Empire .
In March 1898, Russia officially leased the Kwantung (Guangdong) Peninsula from China for a period of 25 years [1] . The leased territory extended to the northern shore of Yadang Bay on the western side of the peninsula, and to Pikou in its eastern part.
Admiral E.I. Alekseev , commander of the Russian Pacific Fleet, became the head of this territory. A neutral zone was established north of the leased territory, which China agreed not to lease to foreign powers.
In 1899, north of the naval base in Port Arthur, Russia founded the city of Dalniy , which later became the city of Dalian .
In 1898, Russia began the construction of the South Manchurian Railway north of Port Arthur to connect the city of Dalniy with the Chinese East Railway in Harbin .
The Kwantung Peninsula with adjacent islands later formed the Kwantung Region and in 1903, together with the Amur Governor General, became part of the Far Eastern Viceroyalty.
According to the Portsmouth Peace Treaty concluded after the end of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Japan replaced Russia as a tenant of this territory. Port Arthur was renamed by the Japanese to Ryojun, and the city of Dalniy to Dairen.
In August 1945, the peninsula was liberated by Soviet troops. In 1950, donated by the USSR government to China.
See also
- Kwantung region
- Fight at jinzhou
- The formation of the territory of the Russian Empire
Notes
- ↑ The Russian government has purchased from China a lease on the Kwantung Peninsula with Port Arthur for 25 years. The Sino-East Railway Society received a concession for the construction of a railway connecting the port with the Great Siberian Railway. (inaccessible link) . Archived March 5, 2016. March 15, 1898
Links
- Kwantung Peninsula (outline)
- Map of the southern part of the Kwantung Peninsula p. 7 in the book. Norrigaard, Benjamin Wegner The Great Siege: Port Arthur and Its Fall - St. Petersburg: M. A. Leonov, 216 p. 2004 ISBN 5-902-23616-9
- "Photo review of the monuments of Port Arthur."