Azadovsky, Mark Konstantinovich

Born December 18, 1888 in a baptized Jewish family; father, Abram Iosifovich (after baptism - Konstantin Innokentyevich) Azadovsky (1867-1913), was a minor official (college registrar, clerk in the Office of the District Engineer of the Primorsky Mountain District, later worked in the Northern Insurance Society); mother - Vera Nikolaevna Teiman (in marriage to Azadovskaya) - was engaged in home sewing, grandfather was a binder in Irkutsk ^{[3] [4]} .

He graduated from the Imperial St. Petersburg University (1913).

In 1913-1914, on behalf of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences, he conducted an expedition to Eastern Siberia and Amur. In the summer of 1915 he was sent to the Verkhnelensk Territory by the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Geographical Society and the Department of Russian Language and Literature at the Academy of Sciences for collecting materials on ethnography and oral creativity. He recorded about a hundred fairy tales in the villages along the Kulenga River ^[5] .

In early May 1918 he left Petrograd for Altai. I stayed in Siberia for three years. In 1918-1921 he was a professor at Tomsk University . At that time, a significant part of the materials collected by Azadovsky during the expedition to Lena died in Petrograd.

In 1919 his article “The Tasks of the Siberian Bibliography” appeared in the journal “ Siberian Notes ”. The first issue of the Works of Ethnography, History, and Archeology at Tomsk University (1920) published Azadovsky's Review of the Bibliography of Siberia, which reflected 133 different bibliographic sources related to Siberia. Since 1923, published in the journal " Siberian Lights ".

In 1921–1923, he worked at Chita as a professor at the GINO (State Institute of National Education).

In 1923–1930 - Professor, Head of the Department of the History of Russian Literature of the Irkutsk University . He also taught at Tomsk and Leningrad universities. In 1924–25 he was the editor of the Siberian Living Antiquity journal, the literary department of the Siberian Soviet Encyclopedia, and collaborated on Siberian literary almanacs. He was a member of the East Siberian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society.

In the summer of 1925 he went on an expedition to the Tunkinsky region . In the 1920s he published a series of works on bibliography and on the history of literature of Siberia. In 1925, the Russian Geographical Society was awarded the Petr Petrovich Semenov-Tyan-Shansky Gold Medal ^[6] .

Since 1930 he lived in Leningrad . In 1930-1933 he was a professor at the Institute of Speech Culture. In 1942-1945 - professor at Irkutsk State University. In evacuation in Irkutsk, he created the Society for the History of Literature, Language and Ethnography. In 1931-1942, 1945-1949 - the head of the folklore departments of the State Institute of Art History , the Institute for the Study of the Peoples of the USSR , the Institute of Russian Literature ( Pushkin House ).

In 1948-1949, he was dismissed from the Leningrad University, where he headed the department of folklore, as well as from Pushkin House, on charges of cosmopolitanism . Being completely removed from teaching, he, however, was not deprived of the opportunity to publish, although he was forced to move away from the main area of ​​his scientific interests - folklore (since his works on Russian folk art were particularly severely criticized in 1949), he engaged in another the area of ​​his scientific interests is the study of the history of the Decembrists .

Died November 24, 1954 .

• His wife is Lidia Vladimirovna Brun (1904–1984).
  • Son - literary critic Konstantin Markovich Azadovsky .
• The sisters — Lydia Konstantinovna Raitsina (1894–1920) ^[7] ; Magdalena Konstantinovna Krelstein (1899-1978, her grandson - architect Mark Meerovich ) ^{[8] [9]} .
• Cousins ​​- trade representative of the USSR in Italy Mikhail Abramovich Levenson and head of the district health department of Novosibirsk , employee of the department of hospital surgery of the Novosibirsk Medical Institute , colonel of the medical service, doctor of medical sciences Naum Solomonovich Teyman (1903—?) ^[10] . The grandson of the first cousin (Bailey Joseph Levenson, in the marriage of Volynova) - cosmonaut Boris Valentinovich Volynov ^{[8] [9]} .

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (06/10/1945)

He studied folklore and ethnography of Russian old-time population of Siberia. The central place in the scientific works of Azadovsky was occupied by the questions of oral creativity. The result of his many years of work is the capital work "The History of Russian Folklore Studies" (vol. 1-2, 1958-1963).

• Lena lamentations. - Chita, 1922.
• Unknown Siberian poet (E. Milkeyev). - Chita, 1922.
• Tales of the Upper Glen region. T. 1. - Irkutsk, 1925.
• Russian fairy tale. Selected Masters (editors and comments of M.K. Azadovsky). V. 1, 2. - Leningrad: ACADEMIA, 1932. - P. 424, 416.
• Literature and Folklore: Essays and Studies. - L., 1938.
• Sketches of history and culture in Siberia. Issue 1. - Irkutsk, 1947.
• Lost and Lost Works of the Decembrists // Lit. inheritance, vol. 59, pr. 1, - M., 1954.
• Articles about literature and folklore. - M. - L., 1960.
• Mark Azadovsky. Julian Oksman. Correspondence. 1944-1954. - M., 1998.
• Azadovsky M. K. Siberian Pages: Articles, Reviews, Letters // Compiled, Preface. and approx. N. N. Yanovsky . - Irkutsk, 1988.

• G. Afanasyev-Medvedev. Activities of M. K. Azadovsky in the 1920s // Local Lore Notes / Irkut. region edges. a museum. - Irkutsk: Impression, 2001. - Vol. eight:
• Selyavskaya A.M.K. Azadovsky // Literary Siberia. - Irkutsk, 1986.
• Memories of MK Azadovsky. Irkutsk, 1996.
• “Will it be possible to cut through this wall.” (From M.K. Azadovsky's letters to N. K. Hudzia, 1949-1950) / Publ. KM Azadovsky // Russian literature . 2006. No. 2.

• Pomerantsev E. V. Azadovsky, Mark Konstantinovich // Short Literary Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A. A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978.
• November - Azadovsky Mark Konstantinovich
• Azadovsky Mark Konstantinovich on the site Irkopedia
• Azadovsky Mark Konstantinovich
• Azadovsky, Mark Konstantinovich . On the site " Chronos " .
• Azadovsky Mark Konstantinovich in the reference book “Domestic ethnographers and anthropologists. XX century "
• Ogryzko V.V. Relaxed and heart-sick
• Seleznev V.M. Mark Azadovsky. Julian Oksman. Correspondence. 1944-1954
• Sergeev M. A. About M.K. Azadovskim
• Etkind EG. Late lessons. Reading the correspondence of M. K. Azadovsky and Yu. G. Oksman (1944-1954)