Storm Shadow / SCALP - MBDA aircraft cruise missile . Joint Anglo-French development. The French version of the missile is abbreviated as SCALP EG ( French: Système de croisière conventionnel autonome à longue portée Emploi General , literally "multi-purpose high-precision self-guided long-range cruise missile").
| Storm shadow / scalp | |
|---|---|
 Storm Shadow / SCALP EG at the Royal Air Force Museum in London | |
| Type of | Air-based cruise missile |
| Status | in service |
| Developer | MBDA Missile Systems |
| Years of development | Since 1995 |
| Adoption | 2001 |
| Manufacturer | MBDA Missile Systems |
| Unit cost | ~ $ 1.4 million (for the order of 2000 pcs.) [1] |
| Years of operation | 2002 - to the present at. |
| Main operators |  UK Army Army of France Army of Italy |
| Other operators |   |
| ↓ All specifications | |
The first fully successful firing took place in France at the end of December 2000 . It entered service since 2002 . Inertial guidance system , after starting the calculation of the trajectory is carried out by the on-board computer, which uses the GPS system and the mode of comparing the terrain in the target area with the sample in the rocket's memory. At the end of the flight to capture the target, the IKGSN is turned on. The rocket was first used in 2003 in Iraq by the British Army.
Content
- 1 Design
- 1.1 Self-liquidation
- 2 Modifications
- 2.1 SCALP Naval
- 2.2 Black Shaheen
- 3 Performance characteristics
- 4 countries in service
- 5 Combat use
- 5.1 Iraq war (2003)
- 5.2 Conflict in Syria 2018
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
- 8.1 Russian-speaking
- 8.2 Foreign-speaking
Design
The main design features of SCALP missiles: turbojet engines , retractable aerodynamic surfaces, subsonic speed (M = 0.8), low-altitude flight profile and low radar signature (achieved, among other activities, by finning the surfaces of the rocket glider).
The flight of the rocket is carried out in the mode of following the terrain along a pre-selected "corridor". The control system is equipped with a receiver of the American GPS satellite navigation system (in the future, integration with the European Galileo system is possible). At the final site, a thermal imaging homing system with target recognition mode is used. The approach to the target is standard for subsonic cruise missiles - before approaching the target, the missile performs a slide, followed by a dive at the target. The dive angle can be set depending on the characteristics of the target. The tandem warhead , such as BROACH, on approach, “shoots” a submunition at the target, breaking through an opening in the wall of the structure, into which the main ammunition flies, firing inside the object with some slowdown (the degree of deceleration is set depending on the characteristics of the target).
Self-liquidation
At the end of the flight, the SCALP / Storm Shadow rocket, using a heat chamber, tries to identify the target by comparing its image with the data it has (DSMAC - Digital Scene Matching Area Correlation). If it is impossible to identify the target and if there is a risk of civilian damage (collateral damage), the rocket is redirected to a pre-selected area of the terrain (crash point) in which it collides with the earth's surface. [2] Tomahawk missiles are also equipped with a DSMAC system. [3]
Modifications
SCALP Naval is created by MBDA under the MdCN program ( French Missile de Croisière Naval ) for the French Navy , without the participation of other partners, as a modification of the sea-based (surface and underwater) SCALP EG cruise missile with a range of about 1000 km [4] (approaching this parameter to the CD of the Tomahawk class).
SCALP Naval has a new cylindrical hull adapted for launches from torpedo tubes of submarines and a vertical launcher of surface ships. Unlike SCALP-EG , dropped from a carrier aircraft, the marine version is equipped with a solid fuel accelerator . The missile variant for the submarine is placed in a special container that is hydrodynamically discharged when the rocket leaves the water.
It is planned to equip these missiles with FREMM-type multipurpose frigates with vertical launchers of the Sylver A70 type from 2013 and 533-mm torpedo tubes MPLATRK of the Barracuda type from 2017 [5] .
France, which ordered MBDA 50 missiles on December 29, 2006 (in the FREMM variant) through the General Directorate for Armaments (DGA) [6] for € 560 million, re-purchased a batch of 150 missiles in 2009 [7] , including 100 for frigates of the FREMM class and 50 for the MPLATRK of the Barracuda class.
Greece also confirmed its interest in the purchase of 6 Aquitaine (FREMM) class frigates and 16 SCALP Naval missiles in 2010 [8] .
On May 28, 2010, the first SCALP Naval launch according to the flight test program [9] was successfully carried out from the near ] .
Black Shaheen
Black Shaheen is an exported lightweight version of the Storm Shadow / SCALP EG, which can be equipped with Mirage 2000-5 aircraft .
Performance Specifications
- Weight: ~ 1300 kg
- Length: 5.1 m
- Diameter: 0.5m
- Wing span: 2.84 m
- Warhead : 450 kg, type BROACH
- Engine: Turbo TRI 60-30 Turbotec Microturbo Turbojet Engine
- engine thrust: 4.5-5.7 kN [10]
- Range: over 250 km
- Flight height: 30-40 m
- Speed: 0.8 M (~ 1000 km / h)
- Guidance system:
- on the march section: Autonomous inertial, integrated with GPS (in the future, with GNSS ) and extreme correlation system of correction on the earth's surface ( TERPROM )
- in the final section: Thermal imaging seeker [1]
- Media: Tornado GR.4 , Italian Tornado IDS , Eurofighter Typhoon , Dassault Mirage 2000 , Dassault Rafale , F-35 and Nimrod MRA4 .
Armed countries
- United Kingdom : 900 missiles purchased in 1997 for the Royal Air Force
- France : 500 missiles purchased in 1998 for the French Air Force
- Italy : 200 missiles purchased for Italian Air Force
- Greece : 90 missiles in 2000 for the Greek Air Force
- UAE : in service, as of 2016, a SCALP EG variant called Black Shaheen [11]
- Saudi Arabia : in service, as of 2016 [12]
Combat use
Iraq war (2003)
During the active phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, according to the Air Force headquartersCSK United States Joint Forces , first applied ALCS "Storm Shadow" ( Royal Air Force of Great Britain ) with a penetrating warhead [13] .
Syria Conflict 2018
The missile was used by the French and British air forces to attack 04/14/2018 at targets in the area of Damascus. According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, at least one SCALP missile was shot down by Syrian air defense systems.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Cruise missiles: present and future . the journal "Bulletin of Aviation and Cosmonautics" (09.24.2002). Date of treatment November 14, 2009. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ Eklund, Dylan. Fire and Brimstone: The RAF's 21st Century Missiles // RAF Magazine. - 2006. - S. 19–25 .
- ↑ Raytheon AGM / BGM / RGM / UGM-109 Tomahawk . www.designation-systems.net.
- ↑ Fiche technique MdCN (Fr.) . www.ixarm.com. Date of treatment July 4, 2010. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ Joseph Henrotin. MDCN / SCALP Naval: quelles perspectives? Interview avec François Bobo (Fr.) // Technologie et Armement. - October-December 2006. - Livr. 3 . - ISSN 1953-5953 .
- ↑ Carol Reed. MBDA Receives Notification of SCALP Naval Contract (inaccessible link) . MBDA (March 1, 2007). Date of treatment July 4, 2010. Archived November 21, 2008.
- ↑ Xavier Pintat, Daniel Reiner. Projet de loi de finances pour 2010: Défense, équipement des forces (French) . www.senat.fr (November 19, 2009). Date of treatment July 4, 2010. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ La Grèce est toujours intéressée par les frégates de type FREMM (French) . www.meretmarine.com (March 19, 2010). Date of treatment July 4, 2010. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ The modernized cruise missile SCALP Naval tested in France . CNews R&D (June 21, 2010). Date of treatment July 4, 2010. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ Turbojet engine . Microturbo Safran group (2005). Date of treatment November 14, 2009. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ The Military Balance 2016, p. 359
- ↑ The Military Balance 2016, p. 352
- ↑ High-precision weapons in Operation Freedom to Iraq Independent Newspaper - Independent Military Review
Literature
- Grigoriev A. Foreign guided missiles of the air-ground class of long range (Russian) // Foreign Military Review. - M .: "Red Star", 1998. - Issue. 620 . - No. 11 . - S. 33-37 . - ISSN 0134-921X .
- Kasyan A.I., Medved A.N., Nesterov I.A. Features of modern air-based cruise missiles developed in European countries // Engine : journal. - 2018. - May-June ( No. 3 (117) ). - S. 22, 24 .
Links
Russian-speaking
- Cruise missile "SCALP" . Information system "Missile Technology". Date of treatment November 14, 2009. Archived March 1, 2012.
- Sutyagin I. V. "Development of promising cruise missiles for the French Navy" . Institute of the USA and Canada. RAS (1999). Date of treatment November 14, 2009. Archived March 1, 2012.
Foreign Languages
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055728/http://www.mbda-systems.com/mbda/site/FO/scripts/siteFO_contenu.php?lang=EN&noeu_id=120
- https://web.archive.org/web/20081116053714/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRheft/FRH0104/FR0104b.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20040603010411/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm