The Government Building of the Voronezh Region (formerly the House of Soviets [1] and the Administration Building of the Voronezh Region [2] ) is an administrative building in Voronezh , which houses the Government of the Voronezh Region . Located at Lenin Square , 1.
| Administrative building | |
| The building of the Government of the Voronezh region | |
|---|---|
| House of Soviets | |
 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Voronezh |
| Architectural style | Stalin's Empire |
| Project Author | L.V. Rudnev, V.E. Ass, A.V. Mironov |
| Building | 1953 - 1959 |
The House of Soviets was built during the post-war reconstruction of Voronezh in 1953-1959. According to the initial project of academician of architecture L.V. Rudnev and architect V.E. Ass, the building was to be crowned with a two-story tower in the style of Stalin's skyscrapers . The project was changed already during construction: after the start of the struggle against “architectural excesses” in 1955, the new building project was completed by Voronezh architect A.V. Mironov . He managed to preserve the monumentality of the building and co-scale with the size of the area and other buildings on it.
Content
History
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| The initial draft of L. V. Rudnev | |
Lenin Square, on which the House of Soviets is located, is one of the oldest squares in Voronezh. It appeared in the 70s of the XVIII century and was called the Horse, because it traded horses. Later, the square was renamed Staro-Konnaya [3] .
In 1935, the main square of Voronezh, it was decided to make the Old Horse Square, which in the early 30s was expanded, landscaped and renamed the area of the 20th anniversary of the October Revolution. The main building of the city was also designed there - the building of the regional committee and regional executive committee (House of Soviets). As a result of the competition, the project of the architect A. I. Popov-Shaman was adopted [4] . The building had the features of constructivism (a combination of a wall and large glazed surfaces), as well as modernized classicism . In the center was a monumental portico, and on the sides were risalits [5] .
Before him on October 24, 1939, on the twentieth anniversary of the liberation of Voronezh from the “whites,” a monument to V. I. Lenin was solemnly laid. It opened on November 7, 1940. The author is the famous Moscow sculptor N.V. Tomsky . During the occupation of Voronezh during the Great Patriotic War, German soldiers removed and took away the sculpture. After the liberation of the city, the pedestal was empty for more than a year, until a temporary sculpture of S. D. Merkurov made of concrete was placed on it. April 22, 1950 Tomsk sculpture was again put on a pedestal [6] .
In 1943, the building of the regional and regional executive committees was blown up by Nazi soldiers retreating from the city. During the post-war reconstruction, the area was decided to be reconstructed in accordance with the reconstruction project of the city center by academician of architecture L. V. Rudnev . The redesigned Koltsovsky Square was attached to the old part of the square . The new building for the regional and regional executive committees was planned near the old one. According to the initial project of L. V. Rudnev and architect V. E. Ass, the middle 14-story part of the House of Soviets was supposed to go up in two tiers, decreasing in volume, and above was a decorative superstructure with a spire and a star at a height of 103 m [1] . In terms of plan, the tower had a square configuration, and its three-stage construction subjugated the surrounding volumes of the entire building. The side wings were designed five- and six-story. The large assembly hall was decided in the form of an amphitheater from the back of the building, next to which another entrance was to be located, a public garden and a parking lot were arranged. Facing the building, as in Moscow, was planned with ceramic blocks in yellow and white colors [1] .
Construction began in 1953. After the release in November 1955 of the decree “ On eliminating excesses in design and construction ”, the authors were asked to remove the tower from the composition of the building and revise the design. L. V. Rudnev resolutely rejected this demand, since then the entire system of urban verticals planned by him would collapse, in which the tower of the House of Soviets would play an important role [7] . After that, the design was handed over to architects A.V. Mironov , N. Ya. Nevedrov and N.V. Alexandrov , who presented their options. In 1956, during the discussion, the project of A.V. Mironov was unanimously adopted, in which it was possible to preserve the monumentality of the building and the scale with the area and other buildings on it. However, changes were also made to this project, expressed in a decrease in the number of storeys from 8 to 6 floors and the abandonment of the crowning part in the form of a parapet with a coat of arms [8] .
After the collapse of the USSR, the building was occupied by the executive authority of the Voronezh region (now the Government of the Voronezh region ). At the moment, the building contains the Office of the Governor and Government; departments of housing and communal services and energy, health, development of municipalities, natural resources and ecology, communications and mass communications, construction policy, economic development; Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, affairs; State Housing Inspectorate, State and Construction Supervision Inspectorate and the representative office of the Voronezh Region at the federal bodies of state power of the Russian Federation [9] .
Architecture
Although the building is designed for perception from all sides, its main facade, facing the Koltsovsky Square , has been most ceremoniously solved. The middle part of the building is six-story, and unlike projects, it is not crowned by the tower planned by Rudnev, nor by a rectangular parapet with a coat of arms along the axis according to the design of Mironov. The lateral buildings of the House of Soviets are somewhat elongated towards the square, as a result of which the corner parts are more actively distinguished on the facade. The main entrance is made in the form of a high portal, and in front of it is a wide granite staircase [10] . In 1983, according to the project of architect A. B. Poplavsky, all entrance portals were faced with granite [8] .
In terms of the building is a rectangle with a courtyard. In the rear part of the building there is a conference hall, the building of which closes the space of the courtyard. The building is faced with light yellow ceramic blocks and tiles, and the plinth with pink granite, as planned in the initial project [8] . This gives the House of Soviets similarities with Stalin's skyscrapers.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 274.
- ↑ Voronezh Encyclopedia : In 2 volumes / Ch. ed. M. D. Karpachev. - Voronezh: Center for the Spiritual Revival of the Black Earth Territory, 2008. - T.1: А — М. - 524 s. - S. 24, ill., Maps. ISBN 978-5-900270-99-9
- ↑ Akinshin, Lasunsky, 2002 , p. 227.
- ↑ Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 221.
- ↑ Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 223.
- ↑ Akinshin, Lasunsky, 2002 , p. 228.
- ↑ Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 298.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 299.
- ↑ State authorities of the Voronezh region (Inaccessible link) . Voronezh region. The official portal of government. Date of treatment May 12, 2015. Archived June 3, 2015.
- ↑ Chesnokov, 1999 , p. 300.
Literature
- Akinshin A.N., Lasunsky O.G. Lenin Square // Notes of an old pedestrian. Walk along the Bolshaya Noble - Prospect of the Revolution. - 2nd edition. - Voronezh: Pravdivtsev and Co. °, 2002. - 352 p. - ISBN 5-89981-256-7 .
- Voronezh. Business card. - Voronezh, 2008.
- Chesnokov G. A. Architecture of Voronezh: history and modernity. - Voronezh: Voronezh State Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 1999. - 396 p.
Links
- The vicissitudes of fate of the "main" building of the Voronezh region . Downtown (February 2, 2012). Date of treatment October 4, 2014.