Aeolus ( Greek: Αἴολος , Aeolaus ) - a character in ancient Greek mythology [2] . Although its functions are close to divine, in all versions its origin from people is emphasized, therefore it is only a demigod. The legendary founder of the Aeolians .
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Content
Myths
The son of Poseidon and Arna (or the son of Poseidon and Melanippa [3] ), the grandson of the elder Aeolus (according to others, the son of Hippot settled on the islands [4] ). According to one version, it is fed by a cow [5] . According to another, he was born and raised in Metapont , where his mother fled. When he was expelled, he settled on the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea and founded the city of Lipara [6] . Wife of Kiana, 6 virtuous sons [7] .
According to Homer 's Odyssey , the son of Hippot , the ruler of Aeolis , Zeus made him master of the winds , he is the father of six sons and as many daughters [8] , who, making six marriage pairs, lead a noisy, full of fun life in the royal palace of the father.
According to Virgil , Aeolus lives on one of the Aeolian Islands, being an independent ruler of the air element.
Aeolus and Odysseus
He found a warm welcome at Eolis during his wanderings, Odysseus , who spent a month on Aeolius and, when parting with the king, received from him companions a favorable marshmallow , as well as fur from the skin of a nine-year-old bull [9] , in which the remaining winds were sewn up, with strict orders - do not open this fur . The companions of Odysseus, believing that treasures were hidden in a bag, opened it, and the winds, breaking free, again knocked Odysseus out of the way of his destination, driving the ship back to Aeolia. This time, Aeolus refused hospitality to Odysseus, when Odysseus asked again, Aeolus drove him away [10] .
Interpretation
According to the interpretation, he taught sailors how to keep heading in the area of the Strait of Messina , and was named king of the winds [11] . According to interpretation, he was an astrologer [12] .
The name "Aeolus" itself is closely related to the concept of mobility (cf. αἰόλλω, αἰόλος ), which characterizes the air element. The legend of leather fur with winds enclosed in it is also found in other mythologies .
In the literature
In the Odyssey (10: 1-7), the Odyssey visits Eola and receives a gift. Eol - the protagonist of the tragedy of Euripides "Aeolus, or Kanaka " [13] , the comedies of Antifan and Erif "Aeolus", the tragedies of Lycophron "Aeolus" and "Daughters of Aeolus" (or namesake). See Nonn. Acts of Dionysus IX 87. In addition, it is mentioned in numerous sources of medieval Europe (up to Shakespeare) and modern times.
In art
Aeolus is portrayed in scenes from the Odyssey helping Odysseus, and in scenes from the Aeneid, where he releases winds that prevented Aeneas from reaching Carthage. In this case, he releases them from the cave, opening the entrance to the rock. In the painting, the winds are depicted as playful putti; in heaven, he can ride on his peacock chariot Juno, the patroness of Carthage [14] .
Notes
- ↑ Ὅμηρος Ὀδύσσεια
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world. M., 1991-92. In 2 vol. T. 2. S. 663; Lubker F. The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. M., 2001. In 3 vol. T. 1. S. 42–44
- ↑ Gigin. Myths 186
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 2; Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library V 7, 5; Ovid. Metamorphoses IV 662
- ↑ Gigin. Myths 252
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library IV 67, 6
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library V 8, 1
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 5-6
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 19
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 60; Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library E VII 10-11; Gigin. Myths 125
- ↑ Polybius. World History XXXIV 2, 5; Strabo Geography I 2, 15 (p. 23), with reference to Polybius
- ↑ Paleafat. About the incredible 17
- ↑ Aristophanes. Clouds 1371; Frogs 850, about the love of a brother and sister
- ↑ Hall, James. Dictionary of Plots and Characters in Art = James Hall; introduction by Kenneth Clark . Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art / Transl. from English and introductory article by A. Maikapar . - M .: Kron-Press, 1996. - 656 p. - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-323-01078-6 . S. 628
Literature
- Obnorsky N.P. Aeol // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.