Emergency protection - a system of methods and devices that are designed to quickly stop the development of an accident. Technical devices operate automatically or with external control (by operators and personnel) when one of the monitored parameters reaches a set value that could lead to or lead to an accident. When a human operator is included in the emergency protection system, in some cases special protective equipment is provided for him. [one]
Content
- 1 Functional emergency protection
- 2 Rigid emergency protection
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
Functional Emergency Protection
Safety instrumented systems is a monitoring and control system that is used to perform safety functions and consists of sensors, logic devices, and actuators. The system can perform several security functions. [2]
Instrument security systems can be divided into:
- electrical / electronic / programmable electronic;
- hydraulic;
- pneumatic. [3]
A prerequisite for constructing such a system is the conclusion of a controlled process as a result of its operation in the "safe" direction. As a rule, devices constituting emergency protection create such control actions that should stop unwanted events.
The protection system usually includes some sensitive element ( sensor ), which should record the presence of an emergency in the process being monitored, as well as an actuator to create “control actions” (process shutdown).
The actuator usually uses "fail-safe" forces of nature for its work, for example, gravity or the energy of a pre-compressed spring . In the latter case, the system should be built so that the restart of the controlled process was not possible until such a spring is cocked again.
Tight emergency protection
Regardless of the stage of development of the accident, the possibility of the exit of damaging and damaging factors beyond the boundaries of protection barriers is excluded. [one]
See also
- Nuclear reactor emergency protection
- Emergency automation
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Emergency protection // Civil protection: Encyclopedia in 4 volumes. T. I (A - I) - M .: FSBI VNII GOCHS (FC), 2015
- ↑ GOST R IEC 61511-1-2011 Functional safety. Safety instrumented systems for industrial processes. Part 1. Terms, definitions and technical requirements of clause 3.2.72
- ↑ GOST R 53195.1-2008 Functional safety related to the safety of buildings and structures of systems. Part 1. The main provisions. Appendix AND