Irina Aleksandrovna Velembovskaya (the real surname is Shukhgalter ; 1922 - 1990 ) is a Russian Soviet writer .
Irina Velembovskaya | |
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Birth name | Irina Aleksandrovna Shukhgalter |
Aliases | Irina Velembovskaya |
Date of Birth | February 24, 1922 |
Place of Birth | Moscow , RSFSR |
Date of death | March 14, 1990 (68 years) |
Place of death | Moscow , USSR |
Citizenship | the USSR |
Occupation | writer , screenwriter |
Genre | story , story , script |
Language of Works | Russian |
Content
Family
Paternal grandmother - Rebekah Auslender G., hereditary honorary citizen, daughter of the Kherson merchant of the 1st guild, was the sister of Jacob Auslander, the husband of Anna Dmitrievna Blanc, the cousin of V. I. Lenin. The grandson of Anna Dmitrievna Sergey Auslender - a writer, playwright, theatrical figure - was shot in 1937.
Maternal grandfather - Ignatius Ignatievich Fidelli, hereditary honorary citizen, court counselor.
Father - Alexander Alexandrovich Shukhgalter, a Muscovite, hereditary honorary citizen, graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University, took an active part in revolutionary activities, in 1905, as a member of an armed uprising, he was expelled abroad. In 1906 - 1917 headed the bookstore "Education"; the legal department at Sytin Publishing House, headed the publishing houses “School” and “Association”. In 1919 - 1937 - head. department at the People's Commissariat of Food; one of the leaders of the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (CEKUBU); deputy director of music broadcasting of the All-Union Radio Committee. In 1938, he was arrested under Article 58, paragraph 10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, sentenced to five years. Released only in 1946, fully rehabilitated in 1956
Mother - Anna Ignatievna, nee Fidelli, of noble origin (her parents: Ignatius Ignatievich Fidelli, court counselor, and Varvara Fidelli, nee. Shpartenko, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Nicholas Orphan Institute in St. Petersburg). In his youth, fond of tolstovstvo, revolutionary activities. In the 1930s she managed the Herzen Library in Moscow.
Daughter - Ksenia M. Velembovskaya, scientific editor of the journal “New and Newest History” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, writer (novels “The Fifth Season”, “The Lady with a Biography”).
Granddaughter - Yulia Alexandrovna Velembovskaya, graduated from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, teacher of English and translator.
Among the ancestors: the Italian poet of the Late Renaissance, Giovanni Battista Fidelli Ferrara (Giovan Battista Fidelli Ferrarese, second half of the 16th - early 17th century); Ignaty Petrovich Fidelli (Italian), great-grandfather, court counselor, employee of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire (1824 - 1864); Petersburg architect Victor Ignatievich Fidelli - a participant in the construction of the Church of the Savior on Blood , assistant to the chief architect of Parland ; Moscow artist Nikolai Ignatievich Fidelli - writer and publisher of the magazines "Zarevo" (1906), "Children's World", "Youth Encyclopedia".
Biography
I.A. Velembovskaya (Shukhgalter) was born on February 24, 1922 in Moscow (Bryusovskiy Pereulok, 2/1). Was the sixth daughter in the family. At the age of four she learned to read and independently chose books from the huge home library - Gogol, Ostrovsky, Chekhov, Pushkin, Turgenev, Tolstoy.
Velembovskoy was sixteen when his father was arrested. Mother immediately fired from the library. Irina was forced to quit school and go to work. In August 1941, after completing courses for nurses, she volunteered for the front, served (as her heroine from the story "Marisha Ogon'kova") in the evacuation hospital. Soon, on a ridiculous accusation, she was convicted, spent six months in the Lower-Turin prison, and in the winter of 1942 she was released to the settlement. In the Urals, she worked at the Nizhne-Turinsk Metallurgical Plant, in the hot sheet rolling shop, at the Isovsky gold-platinum mine, worked in logging (the story "Forest History", "Treasure of Gold", "Minor", "Larion and Barbara", etc.) .
In 1944, after the Soviet army entered the territory of Romania, from there in the USSR moved trains with Germans interned from Banat and Transylvania — civilians, men, women, teenagers. A party of interned Germans arrived in Tura, in the camp barracks. So fate brought I. Velembovskaya with the heroes of her future long-suffering novel “The Germans”, the first version of which was written back in the 1950s, but published because of the “impassable” theme in Soviet times only in 2002, 12 years after his death the author. In 1946, the Germans were sent back to their homeland, and in 1947, Irina was able to return home to Moscow, and for two years worked with them in the forest in the taiga.
But the house was actually no longer there: the father’s seven-room apartment in Bryusovskoe had long become a communal flat. There was no registration either. She was sheltered by her elder sister, outside the city, helped to get a job as a janitor at a school. Then there were the furniture factory ("Women"), children's nurseries ("Family matters"), a toy factory, again a school with an accountant's position, then a librarian. After graduating from school, in 1957 Irina Aleksandrovna entered the Literary Institute. Gorky . She studied at the creative workshop of the famous writer Vladimir Germanovich Lidin.
In 1961, her first stories “Among the Fields” and “In the Footsteps of Love” appeared in Znamya magazine. The novice author was lucky: she collaborated with the best editors of Moscow - S.D. Razumovskaya and D.V. Tevekelyan. In 1964, the story "Women" was published. He was screened on television, the famous Lidia Sukharevskaya played the main role, and in 1965, director P. Lyubimov made the film “Women”, which received truly national recognition. The success of the film was due primarily to an excellent acting ensemble. Masters starred in it - Inna Makarova, Nina Sazonova, Nadezhda Fedosova - and young talented actors Galina Yatskina and Vitaly Solomin.
In 1964, I. Velembovskaya became a member of the Writers Union of the USSR. However, she didn’t have a lot of books then, and later, and each went “with a squeak”: “Soviet prose” was not honored in Soviet times, and the difficult life, unsettled life and truthful experiences of her heroines caused endless nagging censors of all levels.
Great success was filmed in 1976 at Lenfilm "Sweet Woman" with Natalia Gundareva. Following Gundareva, Anna Kamenkova was recognized as the best actress of the year. She played the main role in the film “The Young Wife” (Lenfilm, 1978). Much of what was planned in the movie did not work, and yet there were six full-length films on the account.
In the 1970s – 1980s, the books of I. Velembovskaya were published abroad: in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, China, and the USA.
Died March 14, 1990 after a serious illness. She was buried in Moscow at the Golovinsky cemetery .
Prose
- "Behind a stone wall". In the collection "Stories of 1962" M., 1962
- "Forest History". Novels and stories. Soviet writer, M., 1963
- "Women" stories and stories. Soviet writer, M., 1967
- "Women" stories and stories. Soviet writer, M., 1971
- "Third Semester" Soviet writer, M., 1973
- "Behind a stone wall". In the collection of television plays. Art, M., 1974
- "View from the balcony". Novels and stories. Soviet writer, M., 1981
- "Sweet woman". Novels and stories. "Soviet writer", M., 1988
- "Everything passes" JV "Slovo", Moscow, 1990
- "Sweet woman". Novels and stories. "Soviet writer", M., 1994
- "Family matters." Novels, stories, AST, M., 2010
- "Germans". Novel. AST, M., 2010
- "Family matters." Novels, stories, Astrel, M., 2011
- "Sweet woman". Astrel, 2012
- "Varvarin Day" Stories and Stories, Veche, M. 2013
Foreign publications
Germany, Austria
- “Blick von Balkon” Berlin 1977
- “Die süße Frau”. Berlin 1982
- “Die süße Frau”. Frankfurt am Main. 1986
- “Es geht alles vorüber ...” Berlin 1990
- “Deutche”, Wien 2003
Czechoslovakia
- “Sladka žena” Praha 1976 (Czech)
PRC
- "Sweet Woman" Beijing, 1986
Hungary
- “A kiskoru”. In the collection “Tengeri szél” Budapest 1973
- “Kilátás az erkélyrol”. In the collection “Ég és föld között” Budapest 1978
- “Egy édes asszony” Budapest 1978
Poland
- “Widok z balkonu” Warsawa 1980
- “Słodka kobieta” Warsawa 1981
USA
- "Through Hard Times". "Balancing Acts" (contemporary stories by Russian women), Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1989
Articles
"Y. Trifonov's likes and dislikes". New World, 1980, №9
Screenshots
- 1965 - Women (dir. Pavel Lyubimov )
- 1968 - People like rivers ... (dir. Damir Vyatich-Berezhnykh )
- 1970 - Day Ahead (dir. Pavel Lyubimov )
- 1976 - Sweet Woman (dir. Vladimir Fetin ). After this film, the expression "sweet woman" became winged [1]
- 1978 - Young wife (director Leonid Menaker )
- 1982 - Barbarian Day
Links
- I. A. Velembovskaya in the Journal Hall
- Irina Velembovskaya. "Ural captives." Selected chapters from the novel "The Germans"
- Literary criticism of the work of I. Velembovskoy:
- Cardin V. "Do I need to apologize? New World, 1966, №10
- Marchenko A. "There are more questions than answers" New World, 1973, №8
- Kuznetsov F. "Man" natural "and" public ". Literary review., 1973, № 6
- Velembovskaya I. "The Germans". Preface. Moscow, Astrel publishing house, 2011
- RGALI, archive reference No. 696 / 5-4 of November 27, 2013
- About Irina Velembovskaya https://medium.com/@velembovskaya/velembovskaya-618dd0b36c4e#.ym9c4wabk
- "Women of Irina Velembovskaya." Eugene Korobkova. The newspaper "Culture". 03.03.2017
- "Sweet is ours." Nikolai Irin. The newspaper "Culture" .19.05.2017
- Archive of the Museum of Law Faculty of Moscow University
- "Comrade Bauman". Collection of memoirs and documents, compiled by C. Zelikson-Bobrovskaya. Moscow worker. Moscow.1926
- The central library of Marciano in Venice.