Open access

The first important international reference to open access was in the Budapest Open Access Conference in February 2002. It was followed by a statement by Beefed (in English) in June 2003 and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Scientific and Humanitarian Knowledge in October 2003.

The concept of open access is widely discussed among researchers, scientists, library workers, researchers, financiers, government officials and publishers. Despite the fact that there is a real agreement on the general concept of open access, there are noteworthy debates about the economic aspect of financing activities for reviewing published works in the public domain, the reliability and economic benefits of self-custody.

Payment of open access is predominantly carried out by the authors by paying a fee to the publisher's account, known as Article Processing Charge (APC) .

• Escrow (also known as the "green" path to open access) - authors publish in a subscription-based journal, and in addition to that, they make their articles available in real time and free of charge, usually placing them in the repository of their university, or in the central repository. The deposit may be issued in the form of an article that has already been reviewed or in the form of a signal copy. Deposition was first proposed as a general practice in 1994 by Stephen Harnard, although computer scientists have spontaneously deposited in anonymous FTP archives since at least the 1980s ( CiteSeer ), and physicists from the beginning of the 1990s online (e.g. arXiv.org ) .

• Publication in open access journals makes materials available in real time immediately. Examples include the Investigated in Russia magazines and the UNESCO Information for All portal.

More than 90% of peer-reviewed journals support any form of escrow ^[7] . Approximately 10% of peer-reviewed journals are currently publicly available ^[8] .

The main reason forcing authors to place works in the public domain is an increase in the impact factor .

Surveys are paid by research funds; The published article is more a report on the work done than an object of income. The more it is used, the article is cited, the more references are made to it and the more works are based on it, the better for the research and career of the researcher himself.

The wider idea of free material is partly related to free access. The regime of open access to the material does not mean permission to change it, but only free, unlimited access to the material. In scientific publications, it is customary to maintain the original text unchanged and to associate it with a particular author.

While the open access regime is currently applicable for the most part to the results of scientific research, the creator of any other material can also use the deposit and publication mechanisms developed on its basis. Creative Commons provides a wide range of model license agreement terms to facilitate the release process.

Direct users of scientific articles for the most part are other researchers. Open access helps them as readers, providing the opportunity to familiarize themselves with articles in journals that are not written out by their libraries. Researchers in developing countries, where there are universities that are not subscribed to scientific journals at all, benefit most of all, although subscription programs are opened specifically for them at reduced prices or for free. The overall benefit is obvious, since no library can afford to subscribe to all scientific journals. Open access expands the knowledge beyond the boundaries of an academic school.

Such material can be read by any person - a professional in his field, a related researcher, journalist , politician , civil servant or just a passionate user .

Open access to research results is important to society for several reasons. One argument in his favor is that most studies are paid for by taxpayers , who must have access to the results of what they funded. Many people are seriously interested in subjects of various scientific studies. You can point to the authors and editors of Wikipedia who want to find sources for their articles. Even those who do not read scientific publications indirectly benefit from being in the public domain. People who do not read medical journals would prefer their doctor to have such access. The position advocated by open access propagandists is that it accelerates scientific progress, productivity, and the transfer of knowledge. Accelerating the innovation process is helpful. Pupils and students can get information that is of great importance in their further education.

Critics of the open access movement indicate that there is no evidence of the inaccessibility of the necessary information for those who need it. Despite the fact that not a single library can sign all the journals, almost all published works can be obtained using the interlibrary loan .

In developing countries, depositing and publishing publicly available materials is important. Scientists, doctors do not have the ability to centrally receive scientific literature. One of the most famous is HINARI , founded and sponsored by WHO .

Many open access projects include international collaboration. For example, SCIELO , which is a comprehensive approach to fully open access in published journals, includes several Latin American countries. Bioline International , a nonprofit organization created to help publishers in developing countries, builds on collaboration between the United Kingdom , Canada and Brazil . Bioline International Software is used worldwide. Research Papers in Economics is a collective work of more than 100 volunteers from 45 countries.

Librarians are some of the strongest advocates of open access, because obtaining information is the most important principle of their profession. Open access removes both price and legal barriers that undermine the efforts of libraries to provide access to journal literature. Many library associations have signed sharing agreements. Library workers are also tending to their side the teaching staff, the administration of universities .

In some universities, the library is also a repository . Some are also publishers of periodicals, including magazines.

A large number of opponents of open access are commercial publishers whose business model is based on providing access to research results only to those who pay for a magazine subscription. The argument in this case is a potential threat to the peer review institute, which has a similar justification with the so-called threat of demotivation, which forms the foundation of the ideological justification of the institution of intellectual property .

It is believed that open access is not necessary and may even be malicious. There is debate over the fact that some types of information do not need to be published outside academic institutions, at least in some areas of knowledge.

There are also those who consider open access to be a potential reason for increasing the time spent by specialists in a certain field of knowledge to familiarize themselves with such materials, which may ultimately lead to a decrease in the time spent actually on research work.

Many critics, however, agree with the open access proponents on the main points of the concept, questioning only the economic feasibility of such an approach.

The so-called “International Open Access Week” is periodically held, dedicated to the Open Access to Scientific Information Movement. It is usually held annually in the last week of October . Initiated by the Coalition of Scientific Publications and Academic Resources (SPARC) and supported by more than 2,000 supporters around the world, this action provides an opportunity to better familiarize yourself with the benefits that open access provides, share experiences , ideas for implementing open access and help expand the circle of participants in the open movement access.

• Public library of science
• Web of science
• Hindavi

• Open Access Week October 24-30, 2011
• Open Source Scientific Electronic Library “CyberLeninka”
• Open Access in Russia - about open access in Russian
• Blog about Open Access in Russian in the community of scientific editors