Methyl bromide (bromomethane, methyl bromide) is an organic substance , a halogen derivative of methane , with the formula C H 3 Br . It is used as a fumigant for disinfecting plant materials from scale insects , false shields and mealybugs , as well as for controlling pests of stocks, in particular fresh and dry vegetables and fruits, less often for processing grain.
| Bromomethane | |
|---|---|
| Are common | |
| Chem. formula | CH₃Br |
| Physical properties | |
| Molar mass | 93.94 g / mol |
| Density | |
| Ionization energy | |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | |
| T. bale. | |
| Etc. blast | |
| Steam pressure | |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| RTECS | |
| Chebi | |
| ChemSpider | |
Content
Properties
A colorless gas with a characteristic odor. Molar mass of 93.94 g / mol. Melting point −93.7 ° C, boiling point 3.6 ° C. Solubility in water 1.75 g / 100 g (20 ° C) [2] .
Application
- It was widely used as a fumigant for agricultural products ( grain , nuts, dried fruits, etc.) [2] .
- When processing used clothing.
Getting
Obtained by the reaction of methanol and hydrogen bromide [2] .
The only enterprise in the USSR and the CIS where bromomethyl was produced, the Saki Chemical Plant, was stopped in 2002.
Storage
In metal containers can be stored almost unlimited time.
The Montreal Protocol limits the production and use of bromomethane. According to 1999 estimates, around the world 71,500 tons of synthetic methyl bromide were used annually, 97% of this volume is used for fumigation. It is a pollutant of sea water.
Security
Highly toxic to humans, but moderately toxic to rats. Irritating to mucous membranes and skin. The maximum permissible concentration in the air is 5 mg / m 3 [2] [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0400.html
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Cheburkov, 1961 .
- ↑ NPIC .
Literature
- Cheburkov Yu. A. Methyl bromide: article // Brief chemical encyclopedia / Editorial board: I. L. Knunyants (editor's note) et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1961. - T. 1: A — E . - S. 472—473.
Links
- Methyl Bromide General Fact Sheet . National Pesticide Information Center. Date of treatment June 11, 2019.
- Methyl Bromide Technical Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
- Methyl Bromide Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
- IARC Summaries & Evaluations Vol. 71 (1999)
- The banned pesticide in our soil
- MSDS at Oxford University
- Toxicological profile
- Environmental Health Criteria 166
- OECD SIDS document