Osip A. Monchalovsky ( 1858 , Sushno , Kamenka-Bug district - 1906 , buried in Lviv at Lychakiv cemetery ) - Galician-Russian public figure, journalist, publicist, historian [1] . One of the founders of the Russian People's Party , an opponent of Ukrainians .
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Content
Biography
Early years
Born in the village of Sushno, Kamenka-Bugsky district (now Radekhovsky district, Lviv region of Ukraine ) in the family of an elementary school teacher. After graduating from a German gymnasium in Lviv , he attended the Uniate Theological Seminary for a year and a half, and then was expelled due to the political process of Ivan Naumovich [2] . Then Monchalovsky entered the law faculty of Lviv University and simultaneously began to cooperate in various publications.
Publishing Work
Since 1883 his feuilletons signed by Ruslan appeared in the Slovo newspaper. Two years later, he becomes the editor-in-chief of this publication and puts in it editorials, essays and stories. In 1886, Osip Monchalovsky began to publish his satirical magazine “ Strahopud ”, and from 1887 to 1898 - the literary supplement “Conversation” to it [3] . However, soon Monchalovsky was arrested, and the publication of the magazine stopped. After his release, he collaborated in publications " Red Rus " and " Galician ". Later he was able to resume the publication of the magazine "Insopud".
Literary and political activities
The most famous works of Osip Monchalovsky include: “The Life and Work of Ivan Naumovich” (1899), “Living Questions” (1900), “A Brief Grammar of the Russian Language” (1902), “Peter the Great in Galician Russia” (1903), “Participation Little Russians in the All-Russian Literature ”(1904),“ The Main Foundations of the Russian Nationality ”(1904). His work "The situation and needs of Galician Russia" (1903) was confiscated by the Austrian authorities. He acted with sharp criticism of the camp of the Ukrainophiles (“Literary and Political Ukrainophilism”, Lviv, 1898) and the ideological rationale for the ideas of the Galician-Russian movement (“Holy Russia”, Lviv, 1903). After reading the anonymous brochure "Independent Ukraine" , published in Lviv (its author was Nikolai Mikhnovsky ), Monchalovsky published a response work called "Mazepinstvo" .
Osip Monchalovsky did not deny the existence of Little Russians (as evidenced by the name of his work “Participation of Little Russians in Russian Literature”), but opposed the introduction of the ethnonym “Ukrainian”: “ In order for Ukraine’s culture to exist, the existence of the Ukrainian people is necessary. But the people of such a name yet, in the extreme in Galicia, there is only "Ukrainian" kind of Russian people " [4] . In his work "The Main Foundations of the Russian People" Monchalovsky wrote:
“... Ukrainianship means: abandoning one’s past, being ashamed of belonging to the Russian people, even the names Rus, Russian, abandoning the traditions of history, carefully erasing all of Russia’s peculiar features and trying to fake the regional Ukrainian identity. Ukraine is a deviation from the age-old, all branches of the Russian people and the popular genius of a developed language and culture, self-transformation in inter-tribal obnosok, wiping Polish or German boots: idolatry before the oblast, servility before the Polish-Judean-German socialists, renunciation of the ancestral principles his people, from the historical identity, a departure from church-social traditions. Ukraine is an affliction that can undermine even the strongest national organism, and there is no conviction that would be enough for this voluntary self-destruction! ” [5]
In 1900, he was at the forefront of the founding of the Russian People's Party in Galicia, was the author of its political program, in which they assumed:
The Russian People’s Party in Galicia professes, on the basis of science, real life and deep conviction, the national and cultural unity of the entire Russian people and therefore recognizes the fruits of the thousand-year national and cultural labor of the entire Russian people. Taking into account the belonging of the Russian population of Galicia to the Little-Russian tribe of the Russian people, as well as local conditions, the Russian-People’s Party recognizes that it is necessary and expedient to educate the Russian population of Galicia in its own Galician-Russian dialect, without refusing, however, the help which Russian in Austria can bring and really bring the all-Russian language and the all-Russian literature, representing the national and cultural expression of the entire Russian people
- [6]
Osip Monchalovsky often visited Galician villages, gave speeches to the peasants, opened, organized classes for the study of the Russian literary language , prepared young people for independent work, tried to acquaint the Galicians with the achievements of Russian culture.
Church activities
Osip Monchalovsky in 1886 moved from Uniate to Orthodoxy [3] and was a member of the committee for the construction of the first for many years Orthodox church in Galicia - St. George's Church in Lviv (1896-1900) [7] [8] .
Death
Monchalovsky died in December 1906. He was buried in his personal tomb at the Lychakiv cemetery , which was later turned into a mass grave of Russian journalists .
Notes
- ↑ Biography.ru | Biografija.ru | M | Monchalovsky Osip Andr
- ↑ Frolov K. Vavrik V. R. A brief sketch of the Galician-Russian writing. Osip Andreevich Monchalovsky // Church and civilizational splits in Ukraine. Origins and coping strategies . - Moscow: Aletheia, 2012. - p. 96. - 376 p. - ISBN 978-5-91419-716-9 .
- ↑ 1 2 Notes. Osip Andreevich Monchalovsky // "Ukrainian" disease of the Russian nation / Comp. M. B. Smolin . - Moscow: Imperial tradition, 2004. - 560 p. - 2000 copies - ISBN 5-89097-067-4 .
- ↑ Lectures on the history of Ukraine (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is October 29, 2007. Archived November 9, 2007.
- ↑ The main bases of the Russian people
- ↑ "Essays on the history of the Russian Movement in Galicia in the XIX-XX centuries." (inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is January 3, 2013. Archived on March 27, 2013.
- ↑ In Austria-Hungary (1772-914) (Inaccessible link) . Lviv Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The date of circulation is January 3, 2013. Archived January 5, 2013.
- ↑ History of the Lviv Orthodox parish in the Austro-Hungarian period (Inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is October 29, 2007. Archived September 15, 2005.
Works
- Literary and political Ukrainophilism (1898)
- The Life and Activity of Ivan Naumovich (1899)
- Holy Russia (1903)
- Peter the Great in Galician Russia (1903)
Articles:
- About the names "Ukraine", "Ukrainian"
- The main bases of the Russian nationality
Literature
- Vavryk V.R. A Short Outline of the Galician-Russian Writing // Russian Galicia and the “Mazepin”. M.: 2005. P.555-556.
- Bendasyuk S. Yu. O. A. Monchalovsky (1930).