The first is a lake on the eastern outskirts of Chelyabinsk . The area of the lake is 18.5 km², the volume is 0.145 km³ , the maximum depth is 10.5 m , the average is 7.7 m. The basin of the lake is semi-ellipsoidal. The banks are flat, slightly cut; the western and northwestern shores are relatively high. There are no islands. The bottom is lined with dense silted sand [2] . To the south of the First is Shelyugino Lake, to the east - the Second Lake, followed by the Third and Fourth .
| Lake | |
| First | |
|---|---|
| Morphometry | |
| Square | 18.5 km² |
| Volume | 0.145 km³ |
| Deepest | 10.5 m |
| Average depth | 7.7 m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Chelyabinsk region |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
Man-made influence
Industry
In its natural state, the lake had insignificant sizes, it was salty, in the dry years it dried to the bottom. In the 1930s, the First began to dump industrial effluents . Now the lake receives wastewater from ChTZ , Chelyabinsk CHPP -2, the concrete goods plant and the grinding products factory ; it is used as an additional diluent for insufficiently treated effluents. The proportion of wastewater in the water balance reaches 86% [2] .
To avoid overflowing the lake in 1958 , a discharge channel was dug into the Miass River, which was regularly used until 1984 . Nowadays, the canal is used only for emergency drains. In addition, water is taken from the lake for the technical needs of Chelyabinsk enterprises.
Recreational Use
In connection with the development of the north-eastern region of Chelyabinsk, the recreational importance of the lake has increased. The popularity of the lake among the townspeople is given by numerous sandy beaches, an abundance of fish ( perch , roach , ruff , crucian carp , peled are found in the lake).
Accidental pollution
On July 16, 2006, the Chelyabinsk Municipal Unitary Enterprise PO Wastewater and Water Supply recorded a blockage on a collector in Mamina Lane. It was formed due to the unauthorized dumping of construction and household waste by the residents of the region into a gravity sewer (plastic bottles, rags, tires from cars, boards, gravel). It took a day to eliminate the blockage. During the liquidation of the accident, a sewage machine was used to pump and transport wastewater. The estimated volume of wastewater discharged into Lake Pervoe amounted to 72 m³ [3] . About 80 Chelyabinsk residents turned to the dermatovenerologic dispensary with symptoms of allergic dermatitis in connection with this incident [4] .
Water Characteristics
The water of the lake is chloride , its mineralization varies between 0.9-1.5 g / l . Regularly in the lake there is an excess of the MPC of chlorides, sulfates , ammonium nitrogen , petroleum products , phenols , copper and zinc . Phytoplankton biomass does not exceed 5-7 mg / l, overgrowth by higher vegetation is negligible. Water quality corresponds to the third class - moderately polluted.
See also
- First (lake, Sakhalin region)
Notes
- ↑ Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 11. The Middle Urals and the Urals. Vol. 2. Tobol / ed. V.V. Nikolaenko. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965 .-- 240 p.
- ↑ 1 2 First, the lake - an article in the electronic version of the Chelyabinsk encyclopedia (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Comp.: V. S. God, V. A. Chernozemtsev. - Ed. . - 1112 p .; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8 )
- ↑ In Chelyabinsk, a check is carried out on the fact of sewage entering Lake Pervoe (Inaccessible link) . RIANA "Ural-press-inform" (07.21.2006). Date of treatment June 30, 2008. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑ 80 Chelyabinsk citizens bathed in the lake with sewage and earned dermatitis . IA REGNUM (07.24.2006). Date of treatment June 30, 2008. Archived March 1, 2012.