Astronomical Institute named after Ulugbek

It was created in Tashkent in 1873 as the Tashkent Astronomical Observatory ( observatory code "192" ) ^[1] .

The observatory was opened at the request of the Military Topographic Department of the Turkestan Military District , and was subordinate to it. The main tasks facing the observatory were initially conducting field astronomical observations, the basis for mapping Central Asia. The geodesists and astronomers I. I. Pomerantsev , P. K. Zalessky, D. D. Gedeonov and many others who traveled on numerous expeditions for this purpose were involved in the determination of the coordinates of many hundreds of points with high accuracy and their “linking” to the observatory.

Observation of a solar eclipse near Chernyaevo station on January 1, 1907

In 1874, the observatory was equipped with a 6-inch refractor telescope and a Hohwu clock.

Along with such purely applied tasks, the staff of the Tashkent Observatory at the end of the XIX and especially at the beginning of the XX century were actively involved in the problems of astrophysics. In particular, astrophysicist V.V. Stratonov , who arrived in Tashkent from the Pulkovo Observatory in 1895 , became the first civilian astronomer at the Tashkent Observatory. In 1895, a 13-inch telescope was installed at the observatory, and photographic observations of nebulae in the Milky Way and minor planets were started.

The building of the telescope - refractor (architect V. S. Heintselman )

In 1898 - 1899, the building of the astrophysical laboratory was built on the territory belonging to the observatory. And during this period, works of an astrophysical nature were expanded - studies of solar activity began to be carried out at the Tashkent Observatory, to deal with the problems of stellar astronomy, photographic observations of comets and meteors.

In 1928, the observatory began to produce regular data communications for geodetic and topographic studies of the region. In 1930, the Kitab international latitudinal station at the observatory began regular observations. Since 1932, the laboratory for the study of the Sun was created in the observatory.

In 1966, the observatory received the status of an academic scientific institute and became known as the "Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR."

In 1970, the Maidanak Alpine Observatory was founded at the institute, located 40 km south of Kitab at an altitude of 2800 m.

In 1989, 70 km north-east of Tashkent , on Mount Kumbel , at an altitude of 2300 m, an instrument of a network of IRIS stations was installed, and full-disk observations of global solar oscillations began at the institute.

In 1996, a ground-based helioseismological network of TON stations was installed in Tashkent and measurements of local solar oscillations in the K Ca line were begun to study the internal structure of the Sun.

Now the institute is part of the system of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and received the name of an outstanding astronomer of the Middle Ages Ulugbek .

• 1880-1890 - Illiodor Ivanovich Pomerantsev - head of the Tashkent Physical and Astronomical Observatory in 1880 ^[2] - 1890.
• 1890-1900 - Gedeonov, Dmitry Danilovich ;
• 1911-1917 - Andrei Ivanovich Auzans - on March 23, 1911 he was the head of the Tashkent Physical and Astronomical Observatory ^[3] .
• 1923-1925 - Yashnov, Pyotr Ivanovich (head of the Tashkent Observatory)
• 1922-1930 - Subbotin, Mikhail Fedorovich
• 1941-1966 - Vladimir Petrovich Shcheglov - Director of the Tashkent Observatory
• 1966-1983 - Vladimir Petrovich Shcheglov - Director of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR
• since 1983 - T. S. Yuldashbaev
• currently - Shukhrat Egamberdiev.

• Department of Physics of the Sun
• Department of Galactic Astronomy and Cosmogony
• Department of Astrophysical Research
• Astroclimatic Research Group
• Maidanak Alpine Observatory
• Department of Geodynamics

• Vsevolod Viktorovich Stratonov - Russian astrophysicist, professor (1918), Dean of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University, one of the most talented Russian astrophysicists at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, founder and director of the Russian Astrophysical Institute (RAFI) (renamed the GAFI in 1923). Since 1895 he became the first civilian employee of the Tashkent Observatory.
• Vladimir Grigoryevich Shaposhnikov - head of the time service of the Tashkent Observatory in 1938. His scientific works were devoted to the measurement of time and absolute determination of the coordinates of celestial bodies. He developed the principle of zenith symmetry of errors in measuring zenith distances, which allows to achieve high accuracy of measurements. To carry out observations by his method and based on his recommendations, a series of Soviet ztl-180 zenith telescopes were installed, which were installed at Pulkovo, Poltava and Kitab observatories. The name of Shaposhnikov is the small planet (1902 Shaposhnikov).
• Slonim, Judith Moiseevna (1909-1999) - Soviet astronomer, specialist in solar physics.
• Scheglov, Vladimir Petrovich (1904-1985) - Soviet and Uzbek astronomer and popularizer of science, specialist in the field of astrometry and the history of astronomy.

• During the implementation of the CoProG program, Uzbek astronomers obtained the largest number of exact positions (540) of Halley's comet among 104 observatories from around the World. ^[four]

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  Opening ceremony of the Museum of Astronomy in Tashkent (Institute of Astronomy, December 2009)

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  Museum stands in the lobby on the ground floor of the Institute of Astronomy

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  Alley at the Institute of Astronomy

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  Sundial on the wall of the building of the Institute of Astronomy in Tashkent

• The official page of the institute .
• Lutsky V.K. History of Astronomical Public Organizations in the USSR (1888-1941) // Editor-in-Chief Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences D. Y. Martynov - Moscow: Nauka Publishing House, 1982, p. 12.
• Shcheglov V. P., “Tashkent Astronomical Observatory”, 1958
• History of Astronomy in Uzbekistan
• Valery Germanov “The Mysterious Tribe of the Tanymas Valley” (On the History of the Tashkent Observatory)

• Observatory Maidanak
• Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
• Kitab International Latitude Station
• List of Astronomical Instruments