Aleksandr Samoilovich (Samuilovich) Akhiezer ( September 29, 1929 , Moscow - October 12, 2007 ) - Russian social philosopher and cultural scientist [2] . Doctor of philosophical science. Known for his sociocultural concept of Russian history.
| Alexander Samoilovich Akhiezer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | September 29, 1929 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow , USSR |
| Date of death | October 12, 2007 (78 years old) |
| Place of death | Moscow , Russian Federation |
| A country |  USSR →  Russia |
| Scientific field | cultural studies , philosophy , sociology , political science |
| Place of work | IPN RAS |
| Alma mater | Moscow State Economic Institute of the State Planning Commission of the USSR , Moscow Engineering and Economic Institute |
| Academic degree | doctor of philosophical science |
| Known as | one of the founders of Russian cultural studies [1] , author of the concept of sociocultural evolution |
Thanks to Akhiezer, we can talk about the formation of Russian cultural science as an independent science.
Content
Biography
He was born in Moscow in an intelligent family. Father, a graduate of the law faculty of Kiev University , was an employee of the editorial board of the newspaper Pravda ; He knew many foreign languages and worked for some time in Germany. During the war years, Sasha and his mother were evacuated: first on one of the Ural collective farms, and then in Vasilsursk [3] [1] .
After graduating from the Faculty of Agricultural Economics [3] of the Moscow State Economic Institute of the USSR State Planning Commission [* 1] (1953), Alexander worked as chairman of the planning committee of the Zaoksky district executive committee of the Tula region , and then as head of the planning and financial department of the Research Institute for Rural Construction [2] [1] . In 1960-1962 He studied at the evening department of the faculty of mathematical planning methods of the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute [2] [1] .
While working at the Research Institute of Urban Planning of the ASA of the USSR (1962-1968), he also received postgraduate education in two specialties: "national economic planning" (graduate school of the Research Institute of the USSR Planning Committee) and "philosophy" (he graduated from graduate school in 1967, with the defense of his dissertation) [1] .
After the defense, he became an employee of the Research Institute of Theory, History and Perspective Problems of Soviet Architecture, and since 1969, the Institute of the International Labor Movement of the USSR Academy of Sciences [2]
In 1991, a three-volume philosophical and sociological publication “Russia: Criticism of Historical Experience ( Sociocultural Dynamics of Russia)” was published, to which the scientist devoted years of hard work. Prior to this, his work related to a completely different subject: “the theory of urbanization, social ecology, mathematical methods in urban planning” [3] . One of the reviewers of the book, I. G. Yakovenko , called it the "periodic tables" of Russian culture [1] .
In the last years of his life, he was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences [1] (he worked at the Center for Demography and Human Ecology since 1991). In 1998 he defended his doctoral dissertation in the specialty "Philosophy" [1] [2] .
In the 1990s, the workshops of A. S. Akhiezer were the "focus of attraction" for the most gifted domestic researchers of Russian society and culture. Transcripts of their meetings were regularly published in the magazine Boundaries.
He was buried in Malakhovka (Moscow region) [4] .
Family
The second wife is Susanna Yakovlevna Matveeva [1] , an employee of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, co-author A. S. Akhiezer [5] .
Scientific activity
... Alexander Akhiezer was able to make unmistakable diagnoses to society. The highest professional in his profession as a political scientist and cultural scientist, Alexander Akhiezer most of all in his life hated amateurism - both in science and in politics. Those who remain still have a chance to read and understand his wise books.
A. S. Akhiezer is the author of more than 500 scientific articles and about 20 books [1] . The most famous works of the scientist are “Russia: a criticism of historical experience” (1991) and “History of Russia: the end or a new beginning?” (2005).
He introduced a number of new cultural and sociological terms, “turned some well-known scientific metaphors into scientific concepts” [1] . He put forward the concept of sociocultural evolution, carried out in a spiral, and described the stages of development of the moral ideal prevailing in society: "syncretism" - "moderate utilitarianism" - "developed utilitarianism" - "liberal moral ideal" [2] .
- The book "Russia: a criticism of historical experience (sociocultural dynamics of Russia)"
The first version of the manuscript of this book (more than 1000 typewritten pages), which A.S. Akhiezer started working on in 1974, was withdrawn by the KGB (1982) [1] [3] [2] . During the years of perestroika, the book was re-written, and was published in three volumes in 1991, causing wide resonance in the scientific community [1] [2] [* 2] .
- The book "History of Russia: the end or a new beginning?"
In 2005, the popular science book “History of Russia: the end or a new beginning?” Was published, in which a systematic analysis of the history and socio-cultural development of Russia was carried out [2] [7] .
At an early stage, working together with L. B. Kogan and O. N. Yanitsky , he made a significant contribution to domestic urbanology, or urban studies, and, in particular, to the theory of urbanization .
Major works
- Books
- Akhiezer A. S. Scientific and technological revolution and some social problems of production and management. - M .: Nauka , 1974 .-- 309 p.
- Akhiezer A. S. Russia: criticism of historical experience (sociocultural dynamics of Russia). - Novosibirsk: Siberian Chronograph , 1998. - T. 1. From the past to the future. - 804 s. - The first edition of the three volumes was published in 1991 (Moscow: Philosophical Society of the USSR) [3]
- Akhiezer A. S. Socio-cultural problems of the development of Russia. - M .: Institute of Scientific. information on societies. Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 1992. - 82 p.
- Akhiezer A. S. Russia: criticism of historical experience (sociocultural dynamics of Russia). - Novosibirsk: Siberian Chronograph, 1998. - T. 2. Theory and Methodology. Vocabulary. - 600 s.
- Ilyin V.V. , Panarin A.S. , Akhiezer A.S. Reforms and Counter-Reforms in Russia. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University , 1996 .-- 400 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-211-03734-0 .
- Ilyin V.V. , Akhiezer A.S. Russian statehood: sources, traditions, prospects. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1997 .-- 384 p. - (Theoretical political science, the world of Russia and Russia in the world). - ISBN 5-211-03762-6 .
- Akhiezer A., Klyamkin I., Yakovenko I. History of Russia: the end or a new beginning? / edition = 2nd ed., rev. and additional .. - M .: New Publishing House , 2008. - 464 p. - ISBN 978-5-98379-099-5 .
- Articles
The two-stage collapse of statehood in 1917, which became a national catastrophe, was not explained at all by a conspiracy or “general uprising of the oppressed,” but primarily by the fact that the bulk of the population had drifted away from the existing government and denied it resources (both spiritual and material), ceased to consider itself as a subject of life in a large society.
- Akhiezer A. S., Kogan L. B., Yanitsky O. N. Urbanization, society and the scientific and technological revolution // Problems of Philosophy. - 1969. - No. 2.
- Akhiezer A. S., Ilyin P. M. Tasks of the development of social assessments of the territory in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution. // Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, ser. geogr., 1975, No. 1.
- Akhiezer A. S. Culture and social relations // Restructuring of social relations and contradictions in culture. - M. , 1989.
- Akhiezer A. S., Matveeva S. Ya. Humanism as an element of culture // Social Sciences . - 1990. - No. 2 .
- Akhiezer A. S. Critical thresholds of social systems // Social sciences and the present. - 1992. - No. 1 . - S. 45-54 .
- Akhiezer A. S. Russia as a large society // Questions of Philosophy . - 1993. - No. 1 . Archived December 30, 2012.
- Akhiezer A. S. Cultural Foundations of Ethnic Conflicts // Social Sciences and the Present. - 1994. - No. 4 . - S. 115-126 .
- Akhiezer A. S. The dynamics of morality as the basis of forecast // Where is Russia going? Alternatives to social development / Ed. ed. T.I. Zaslavskaya . - M .: Interprax, 1994 .-- S. 219—222 .
- Akhiezer A. S. Possibility of forecasting the sociocultural dynamics of Russia // Where is Russia going? Alternatives to social development / Ed. ed. T.I. Zaslavskaya . - M .: Interprax, 1994 .-- S. 287-292 .
- Akhiezer A. S. Emigration as an indicator of the state of Russian society // World of Russia . - 1999. - T. 8 , No. 4 . - S. 163-174 .
- Akhiezer A. S. Dialectics of urbanization and migration in Russia // Social Sciences and the Present. - 2000. - No. 1 . - S. 78-89 .
- Akhiezer A.S. Between the cycles of thinking and the cycles of history // Social Sciences and the Present. - 2002. - No. 3 . - S. 122-132 .
- Akhiezer A.S., Golts G.A. Inefficiency of decisions as a factor in the disorganization of society (for example, the transport system of Russia) // Social Sciences and the Present. - 2003. - No. 6 . - S. 41-50 .
- Akhiezer A.S. Migration in Russian History // Politiya. - 2004. - No. 4 . - S. 69-76 .
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ In 1961, merged with the Moscow Institute of National Economy. G.V. Plekhanov .
- ↑ A preface to this work in the 1998 edition was the article “A Broken Society: The Path and the Fate of Russia in the Sociocultural Theory of Alexander Akhiezer,” written by culturologist S. Ya. Matveeva, wife of A. S. Akhiezer [3] .
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Demoscope Weekly, 2007 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RLN Fund. In memory of A. S. Archiezer .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Akhiezer A. S. Russia: criticism of the histor. experience, 1, 1998 , Matveeva S. Ya. Shattered society ..., p. 3–41.
- ↑ Grave of A. S. Akhiezer
- ↑ Akhiezer, Matveeva, 1990 .
- ↑ Kara-Murza A. In memory of A. S. Akhiezer .
- ↑ Gavrov S. About Russia with Love . Liberal Mission (liberal.ru) (November 16, 2005). - Review of the book by Alexander Akhiezer, Igor Klyamkin, Igor Yakovenko - “History of Russia: the end or a new beginning?” . Date of treatment January 26, 2014.
- ↑ Akhiezer A. S. Questions of Philosophy, 1993 .
Links
- Information on the website of the IPh RAS
- Davydov A., Yakovenko I. , Goltz G. et al. In memory of Alexander Samoilovich Akhiezer (1929-2007) . Demograph Weekly (December 9, 2011). - Electronic version of the bulletin "Population and Society" of the Institute of Demography HSE University. Date of treatment December 30, 2012. Archived September 26, 2010.
- In memory of A. S. Akhiezer (1929-2007) . The Russian Liberal Heritage Foundation (rusliberal.ru) (October 12, 2007). Date of access December 30, 2012. Archived on January 5, 2013.
- Kara-Murza A. In memory of A. S. Akhiezer . Union of Right Forces (www.sps.ru) . Date of treatment December 30, 2012. Archived January 11, 2008.