Alexander Ignatius Wielopolski, Marquis of Gonzago-Myszkowski ( Polish: Aleksander Ignacy Wielopolski , March 13, 1803 , Sendzieowice - December 30, 1877 , Dresden ) - Polish statesman, XIII ordinate Pinczowski .
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Biography
The representative of the Polish count family Velepol emblem " Starikon ". Born in the family of Joseph (Jozef) Stanislav Velepolsky (1777-1815) and Eleanor Dembinsky (1781-1824).
He studied law and philosophy in Warsaw , Paris and Göttingen . In 1830 he was elected to the Polish Sejm from the Conservatives. During the Polish uprising of 1830, he was sent by the rebel government to London in order to seek help or mediation, but did not achieve any significant results. He published a pamphlet in 1831 about his mission, Mémoire présenté à Lord Palmerstone . He was engaged in farming on his estates and literary activities. In 1846, after an uprising of peasants in Austrian Galicia , during which hundreds of Polish landowners were cut and considered the result of fraud by the Austrian government, he wrote a pamphlet Lettre d'un gentilhomme polonais sur les massacres de Gallicie adressée au Prince de Metternich (Letter from the Polish nobleman to the princes ), published in Brussels in 1846 .
In 1861 , Velepolsky was appointed chairman of the commission of spiritual affairs and public education. In November 1861 , he visited Petersburg and was able to secure the support of the court, as a result of which he was appointed assistant governor Konstantin Nikolayevich for the civilian part and vice-chairman of the state council.
On July 26 and August 3, 1862 , two assassinations were committed against Alexander Velepolsky. Thus, the Polish radical organization of the “Reds” sought to thwart the liberal reforms that it was preparing, during which Velepolsky was going to make concessions, and even a possible alliance with the organization of “Whites,” in order to avoid armed rebellion.
He carried out a number of liberal reforms - replacing corvée with chinsh (quitrent), equal rights for Jews, and transformations in school. He founded the Warsaw Main School . On the other hand, in order to isolate young people and eliminate the cadres of the rebel organization, he initiated recruitment in early January 1863 . In order to isolate dangerous elements, the lists included 12 thousand people who participated in demonstrations and were suspected of belonging to conspirators.
This was the impetus for the beginning of the Polish uprising of 1863 . On July 4 (16), 1863 , he left Warsaw, having gone on untimely leave, and went abroad. At the end of August, he was dismissed from all his posts. He lived in Dresden .
Family and Children
He was twice married. In 1827, he married Countess Teresa Potocka (d. 1831), daughter of Mikhail Potocki (1790-1855), senator-governor of the Kingdom of Poland, and Ludwika Ostrovskaya (1787-1855). The marriage was childless.
In 1832, he remarried to Countess Paulina Potocka (1813-1895), daughter of Mikhail Potocki and the younger sister of Teresa. Children from the second marriage:
- son - Zygmunt Andrzej Wielopolski (January 30, 1833 - February 27, 1902), President of Warsaw
- son - Jozef (August 7, 1834 - April 24, 1902)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Velepolsky Alexander // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
Literature
- Velepolsky, Alexander // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.