Mangup

Mangup-Kale is located on the plateau of the mountain-outlier Baba-Dag ( Crimean-Tat. Baba - father, dağ - mountain). The highest height is 583 m. The mountain is a freestanding elevation, steeply cutting off to the south. On the north side, the mountain has four long ledges, called capes. The westernmost ledge is called Chamny-burun ( Crimean-Tat. Çamlı burun , dialect pronunciation çamnı burun - cape with pines), the second from the west - Chufut-Cheargan-Burun ( Crimean-Tat. Çufut çağırğan burun - the next is Elli-burun (the exact translation is not known, the existing versions are “Windy cape”, “Greek (Hellenic) cape”) and, finally, the most eastern - Teshkli-burun ( Crimean-Tat. teşikli burun - “cape with a hole” , got its name from the through grotto formed as a result of the collapse of an artificial cave called Drum-K ba). There are ravines between the capes, each of which also has its own name: from west to east - Tabana-dere (“Leather Gully”), Gamam-dere (“Bath Gully”) and Capu-dere (“Gate Gully”).

• In the I millennium BC. e. tribes of Tauri lived on the plateau - presumably the remains of the Indo-Aryans of the catacomb culture, which in turn comes from the Yamnaya culture , also experienced the influence of the Belozersk culture . Presumably they also give a plateau a name - Mangup (< * m (ai) an-kap- 'mountain of meots') ^[2] .
• In the 3rd – 4th centuries, the Mangup plateau was inhabited by Scythian - Sarmatians .
• In the 4th – 5th centuries, the Goth settlement appeared on the plateau, as well as the Alans , and catacomb cemeteries in the surrounding beams.
• In the second half of the 5th century, the first fortifications were built. At that time, the city was called Doros and was the capital of the country of Dori - Crimean Gothia . In the VI century, a monumental basilica was erected on the plateau, the city became the center of the Gothic diocese in Crimea.
• At the end of the 7th century, the Khazar Khaganate subordinates Doros. The Khazar garrison is briefly located in the city. The capture of Doros served as a signal for the start of an anti-Khazar rebellion led by St. John of Gotha .
• VIII century - the center of the Gothic diocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople .
• XIII - the middle of the XV century - the city of Doros (Mangup) was the capital of the late Byzantine Orthodox Principality of Theodoro , who controlled the South-Western Crimea and was under the influence of Byzantium . The city itself was also called Theodoro . It is from this era that numerous artificial caves, defensive walls, the foundations of the basilica and the ruins of the citadel on Cape Teshkli-burun have been preserved.
• 1475. The city after the six - month siege of Mangup , like the whole principality, was captured by the Ottoman forces. The Ottomans rebuilt the fortress, which during their reign was called Mangup-Kale - Mangup fortress. Until 1774, Mangup was the center of the Kadylyk (the smallest administrative-territorial unit of the Ottoman state), which was part of the ejalet (province) with a center in Kef ( Theodosius ).
• 1774 The fortress was abandoned by the Turkish garrison.
• 1790 The last inhabitants, the Karaite community, left Mangup (see Mangup Türksy ). The remains of the Karaite cemetery have been preserved in the Tabana-Dere ravine.

• Dimitri (Prince Theodoro) - the first known ruler of Theodoro , a participant in the Battle of the Blue Waters in 1362 ^[3] .
• Maria Paleolog (? —1477) - Princess Feodoro , third wife of the 17th ruler of Moldova, Stephen III the Great ^[4] ,
• Maria of Gotha - Princess Theodoro , the first wife of Emperor Trebizond David the Great Comnenus ^[5] .
• Rev. Cassian of Uglich , in the world Constantine, Prince of Mangup ^[6] .

On August 17, 2018, on the Mangup plateau in the Bakhchisarai district, during the archaeological excavations, a female Hellenistic-type pendant with Egyptian motifs was first discovered. Presumably, its dating can be attributed to the IV-III centuries BC. ^[7]

• Siege of Mangup
• Doros Metropolis
• Gothic diocese
• Dubinsky, Yakov Abramovich - founder of the museum of cave cities (Historical and Archaeological Museum of the South-Western Crimea), an active participant in the excavations of the IIMK Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the Mangup plateau in 1938.
• Chufut-Kale

• Barmina N.I. Archaeological study of the Mangup basilica in the 1850-1930s. (source study aspect) // Ancient antiquity and the Middle Ages. Vol. 39: On the 60th anniversary of V.P. Stepanenko . - Yekaterinburg : [Publishing house Ural. University ], 2009. - S. 409-422. - ISBN 978-5-7525-4002-8 (Retrieved March 24, 2014)
• Herzen A.G. , Naumenko V.E. Octagonal church of the Mangup citadel according to archaeological research 1997-1999: planning, stratigraphy, chronology // Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Vol. 39: On the 60th anniversary of V.P. Stepanenko. - Yekaterinburg: [Publishing house Ural. University], 2009. - S. 423-466. - ISBN 978-5-7525-4002-8 (Retrieved March 24, 2014)
• Vus O. V. Oboronna Doctrine of the Byzantium at the Pivnichny Black Sea: Engineer Zavist of Taurica and the Bosporus in the end of IV - on the cob of VII art. - Lviv : Trіada Plus, 2010 .-- 304 p. - ISBN 978-966-486-068-7
• Dombrovsky O. , Makhneva O. The capital of theodorites / Under the general. ed. S. N. Bibikova . - Simferopol : Tavria , 1973. - 104 p. - ( Archaeological sites of Crimea ). - 30,000 copies. [one]

• Site of the cave city Mangup-Kale
• Site of the Mangup Archaeological Expedition
• Site of the cave city Mangup-Kale
• Site about cave cities of Crimea
• Plan of the Mangup settlement
• Unofficial site of the Mangup archaeological expedition
• Articles by A. G. Herzen on the History and Archeology of Mangup
• Publications of A. G. Herzen in the electronic archive of UrFU
• Mangup: the capital of the Principality of Theodoro. PHOTO (2002)
• Topographic map of Mangup Kale and vicinity
• The scheme of fortifications
• Archaeological finds
• Tourist object of Crimea Mangup-Kale
• Frescoes of the southern monastery at Mangup
• Cave cities of Crimea. Mangup
• Video about the cave city of Mangup