Shigra

The city got its name from the Shchigor River. In its turn, the name of the river comes from the popular term Shigor (plural of Shigra ) - “a forested crest of narrow interbeam tubercles” ^{[4] [5]} .

Legends about the origin of the name

By the end of the 19th century, the term Shchigor was almost out of use, therefore many legends were born that "explained" the origin of the name of the river. Some of these legends were recorded by L. E. Markov:

• According to one legend, the word Shigor comes from the Turkic curse that the Crimean Tatars used when crossing Shchigor, which during the existence of the Muravsky Way was a turbulent and full-flowing river.
• According to another legend, in the vicinity of the river lived a terrible and elusive robber, whose name was Shchigor; he was named after the river.

Fortress on the Shchigor River

In the place of the modern city, from the 17th century there was the village of Troitsk , which got its name from the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity located in it, at the fortress on the Shchigor River . The fortress was created to protect against attacks by the Crimean Tatars and was one of the rear fortresses in case of breakthrough of the Belgorod line . There were no stone buildings in the fortress. By the end of the 18th century, the fortress completely lost its defense significance and was demolished.

From October 20 (old) 1721 to September 1 (old) 1917 as part of the Russian Empire .

18th century

In 1779, Shchigrovsky Uyezd was formed from the lands of the former Kursk , Livensky and Starooskolsky counties. The village of Troitskoye at the fortress on the Shchigor River received the status of the county town of Shchigry . The number of inhabitants in the newly formed Shchigry was 807 people.

In 1780, the emblem of the city ​​was established with symbols reflecting its historical merits - a gun and a sickle, which meant that "the inhabitants are ancient warriors who practice leisure time in the tilling, and therefore the military tool is combined with the tools of a thorough cultivating in this emblem."

In 1785, the plan of the future city was approved. According to this plan, the new city was to be divided into 21 blocks by 8 streets; this provided for the construction of three temples in three squares. On the plan, the dotted line indicates the fortress on the left bank of Shchigra, by that time already torn down.

By 1785, the number of inhabitants reached 1,412 people. Houses - 233. The buildings are all wooden. In the city there was one Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. There were no factories or plants in the city. The area of ​​the city was about 150 acres (approximately 1.64 km²). ^[6]

XIX century

In 1801, the stone Holy Trinity Church was built .

In 1802, the first educational institution was opened in Shchigry - a small public school, in 1819 a district school and a city parish were opened, preparing students for the county.

In 1845, the population increased to 2734 people. Most of the buildings were wooden one-story houses under thatched roofs.

By 1860, there were 371 houses in Shchigry. There were factories: 3 salotene, 1 candle-oil, 4 large, 1 cable and 2 mead. Education was provided by county and parish schools. The population was 4 578 people (2 409 men and 2 169 women). ^[7]

In 1865, the Shchigrovsky Zemsky Government was established - the executive body of the zemstvo .

In 1874, local self-government bodies were created in Shchigry: the city ​​council , the city public council , and the mayor was elected.

In 1875, on July 24, the "Shchigrovsk City Public Major Major N. K. Barkov Bank" was opened with a constituent capital of 10 thousand rubles. After 25 years, the bank’s turnover amounted to 1 million rubles.

In 1876, a telephone exchange appeared in Shchigry. In 1877, the first Zemstvo-city "hospital for visitors" was built with 40 beds and an emergency room.

In 1878, on the donations of citizens in the Old Town, a stone church of the Ascension and an almshouse for poor parishioners were built.

By 1888, the main streets and Red Square were paved, sidewalks appeared in the city, the issue of street lighting was resolved even on the outskirts.

In 1892, the Shchigrov iron-foundry and mechanical plant Shcheglova (now Geomash ) was transferred to Shchigry from the village of Snytkino.

In 1894, the Kursk - Voronezh railway passed through Shchigry. In Shchigry, the railway station of the same name was organized.

In 1899 a gymnasium was opened, and in 1905 a girls' gymnasium .

XX century

In 1908, the Zemstvo library named after Yevgeny Lvovich Markov (the famous writer and famous Zemstvo leader in Shchigry) was opened. Now in this building there is a museum of local lore.

In 1910, a real school appeared in Shchigry. The county school is being transformed into a city school.

By 1914, Shchigry had acquired the features of a typical county town, with a telephone, telegraph, pharmacy, fire department, hippodrome and city garden. A railroad passed through the city; there was a small mechanical plant. However, the industrial importance of the city was very small ^[8] .

From September 1 (art.) To October 25 (art.) Of 1917 as part of the Russian Republic . Then began the Civil War in Russia 1918-1923 .

In the fall of 1919, the detachment of Major General N. A. Tretyakov occupied the city for a short time.

In 1921, at the direction of V. I. Lenin and under the guidance of academician I. M. Gubkin and mining engineer S. A. Bubnov was laid the first well of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) 7 km from Shchigry. In Shchigry there is a street to them. Lazarev, named after Academician P.P. Lazarev , initiator of integrated intelligence KMA.

Since December 1922, as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .

On April 7, 1923, the first core of Kursk iron ore was raised from a depth of 162 meters. Due to the deep occurrence of ore, the development was transferred to other places (in which the cities were created: Gubkin and Zheleznogorsk ).

In 1927, the Shcheglov mechanical plant nationalized after the revolution was redesigned and in 1927 produced the first KMA-300 drilling rigs.

In 1930, a mine was launched into operation on the basis of the Shchigrovsky phosphorite deposit and a plant for their processing.

In the period from 1930 to 1940, pedagogical and land management technical schools , a labor school , a peasant university, a medical school, and a hospital complex were opened in Shchigry. There was a theater with 500 seats in the House of the Red Army, and summer theaters in the city and railway parks. 3 secondary schools functioned.

The population of the city before the Great Patriotic War was about 8 thousand people.

June 23, 1941 in Shchigry on the basis of the district hospital was deployed evacuation hospital EG - No. 1929.

The city was defended by the 6th Infantry Division . In July-August 1941, the 283rd Infantry Division was formed in Shchigry ^[9] . Preparations began for the evacuation of the main enterprises (mechanical plant, forensic worker). The evacuation of production ended in mid-November.

November 21, 1941 Shchigry were occupied by Nazi troops. ^[ten]

On January 14-21, 1942, during the Kursk-Oboyansk operation (January 3-26, 1942), fierce battles fought east of the city, during which the 87th Guards Rifle Division of the 40th Army unsuccessfully tried to liberate the city.

During the occupation, almost all enterprises and cultural institutions created in the pre-war years were destroyed.

February 4 (February 5 ^[10] ) 1943 Shchigry were liberated from Nazi German troops by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Kharkov offensive operation 2.02.-03.03.1943 : ^[10]

• 60th Army (General Chernyakhovsky) consisting of: 132nd SD (Colonel Shkrylev, Timofey Kalinovich ), part of the troops of the 121st SD (Colonel Bushin, Mikhail Alekseevich ). ^[eleven]

The city of Shchigry was completely restored in the first post-war five-year plans.

In 1962, at the school No. 2, the history teacher Alexandra Nikolaevna Ivitskaya created the club "Search". The collected documents, photographs, letters, books, things and other exhibits, as well as the memoirs of relatives, teachers and fellow villagers, served as the basis for the creation of a museum of military glory, which was opened in November 1967. There were sections in the museum: “History of the city and the county”, “Establishment of Soviet power”, “Years of the civil war”, “Great Patriotic War”. Guides were prepared. The museum was visited by schoolchildren of the city and the district, teachers and pioneer leaders, tourists from other areas, veterans of the Great Patriotic War. A. N. Ivitskaya in 1971 was awarded the title Honored Teacher of the RSFSR School ^[12] . In 1977, based on the materials collected for the museum of military glory, with the help of the regional museum of local lore, the Shchigrovsky museum of local lore was created ^[13] , which operates to the present.

The highest point of development for Shchigry was reached in the mid-1980s, when all enterprises worked at full capacity ( Geomash Production Plant, Plastpolymer Plant, reinforced concrete plant, COM plant, brick factory and others), and the population exceeded 21 thousand people .

Since 1991, Shigry have been experiencing social and economic difficulties. Some enterprises went bankrupt, some do not work at full capacity. The population is declining.

The total population for 2018 was 15.3 thousand people.

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 787th place out of 1115 ^[33] cities of the Russian Federation ^[34] .

Museums

• There is a museum of local lore in Shchigry.
• In high school number 2 there is a museum of astronautics ^[35] .

Kindergartens

• "Kindergarten" Teremok "
• "Kindergarten" The Sun "
• "Kindergarten" Rodnichok "
• "Kindergarten" Tale "
• "Kindergarten" Smile "

Schools

• "Secondary school No. 2
• "Secondary school number 3
• "Secondary school No. 4
• "Secondary school number 5

Vocational education

• Shchigrovsky branch of OBPOU "Soviet socio-agrarian technical college named after V.M. Klykov"
• Shchigrovsky branch of OBPOU "Kursk basic medical college"

Continuing Education

• Municipal treasury institution of additional education "House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren"
• Municipal state educational institution of additional education "Shchigrovskaya Children's Art School"
• Municipal state institution of additional education "Children and youth sports school", Shchigry
• Municipal treasury institution of the system of additional pedagogical education "Municipal methodological center of additional pedagogical education of Shchigry"

Religious Organizations

• On the territory of the city operates the "Shchigrovskaya Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)" Ruling Bishop - Bishop of Shchigrovsky and Manturovsky Paisiy
• Shchigrov Orthodox Brotherhood in the Name of the Holy Trinity Spiritual Mentor of the Brotherhood - Metropolitan Zinovy

Orthodox churches and chapels

• Holy Trinity Cathedral
• Temple in honor of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir
• Chapel in the name of St. Seraphim of Sarov
• Chapel in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh

Churches of other faiths

• Evangelical Christian Church - Baptists

Existing enterprises

• JSC " Geomash " (oilfield equipment, drilling rigs)
• Resipol LLC (production of floor coverings)
• Shchigrovsky brick factory (red brick production. On the verge of bankruptcy)
• LLC Veronika (repair and construction work)
• LLC "GLOBALTREYD" (meat processing plant)
• JSC "Shchigrovsky KHP" (bakery)
• MTS PJSC is a provider of home Internet and cable TV in the city of Shchigry (the successor of the company is TVK and K since 2012).
• Shchigrovsky branch of Project Fresh Bread Project CJSC (partially stopped functioning, does not produce bread)
• LLC "Shchigrovskaya feather-down factory"
• Branch of OAO Gazprom Gas Distribution Kursk in the city of Shchigry
• Shchigryavtotrans OJSC
• Shchigrov consumer society
• PJSC Rostelecom Kursk branch Shchigrovsky linear technical workshop
• LLC Shchigrovsk Utility Networks
• CJSC Tander (trading network Magnit)
• LLC "Shchigrovskoye RSU" (construction of residential and non-residential buildings)
• Federal Trade Network Pyaterochka

Enterprises ceased to exist

• Truboplast plant (buildings destroyed, equipment sold)
• Reinforced Concrete Plant plant reinforced concrete products (went bankrupt and was stolen)
• butter factory (currently does not produce products)

• GU Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation for the city of Shchigry and Shchigrovsky district of the Kursk region
• Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 8 for the Kursk Region
• Branch in the city of Shchigry and the Shchigrovsky district UFK in the Kursk region
• Shchigrovskaya inter-district prosecutor's office
• OSB Shchigrovsky post office UFPS Kursk region branch of FSUE Russian Post
• Federal State Healthcare Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology” in the Kursk region in the Shchigrovsky, Cheremisinovsky and Timsky districts
• Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Kursk region in the Shchigrovsky, Cheremisinovsky, Soviet, Timsky, Kastorensky, Gorshechensky districts
• Kursk branch of FSUE Rostekhinventarization
• Branch of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Kursk region in the city of Shchigry
• Branch in the Shchigrovsky district of PKU "Criminal - Executive Inspectorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Kursk Region"
• OSB in the Shchigrovsky district of the Kursk region UFSSP
• Shchigrovsky inter-district department of the Office of Rosreestr in the Kursk region
• Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "Shchigrovsky"
• Department of the military commissariat of the Kursk region in the city of Shchigry and Shchigrovsky district

• Educational Institution “Shchigrovskaya Central Regional Hospital”
• OUSSUSO "Shchigrovsky boarding school"
• OBUSO "Shchigrovsky MKTSSON"
• MBU "City House of Culture"
• MBU Palace of Culture "Aurora"
• MKUK "Shchigrovskaya City Library"
• MBU "Park of Culture and Leisure Shchigry"
• Municipal state institution "Economic and operational part" of the city of Shchigry, Kursk region
• Municipal state institution "Single duty dispatch service" of the city of Shchigry, Kursk region
• Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Dawn"
• MUP "Favorite city"

Rail service

A single-track diesel line Kursk - Kastornoye of the Oryol-Kursk branch of the Moscow Railway passes through Shchigry. There are two railway stopping points within the city:

• Station Shchigry - at the station stops long-distance trains and commuter trains
• Fertilizer Station - Suburban Railway

Bus Service

A bus station is located in Shchigry, both suburban (intra-district) transportation and intercity bus transportation are carried out.

Permanent intercity bus service is carried out along the routes ^[36] :

• Kursk - Shchigry
• Kursk - Kolpny
• Kursk - Livny
• Shchigry - Bryansk

City public transport

There are 3 bus routes in Shchigry:

• MCO - Plastics Plant
• MCO - Center - Snytkino
• MCO - Old Town - Center

Domestic transportation is carried out on the indicated routes of Shchigryavtotrans OJSC and private carriers ( fixed-route taxis )

•   Saki ^[37] (Crimea, Russia).

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  City Administration Building

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  Monument to Lenin in the central square

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  Часовня на площади Победы

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  Памятник Щигровцам, погибшим в Афганистане и Чечне

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  Памятник на братской могиле в районе Фосрудника

• Рихтер Д. И. ,. Щигры // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Щигровская газета «Районный вестник» № 45-46 4 июня 2004 г.
• Щигры // Города России: энциклопедия. — М. : Большая Российская энциклопедия , 1994. — С. 528. — 559 с. - 50,000 copies. — ISBN 5-85270-026-6 .

• Официальный сайт муниципального образования «Город Щигры»
• Щигры в народной энциклопедии «Мой город»
• Неофициальный сайт города Щигры
• История герба города
• Щигровские мастерские Свято-Троицкое братства
• Завод «Геомаш»: история развития