Heinrich of Latvia (also Heinrich Letta ; Lat. Henricus de Lettis [3] , German Heinrich von Lettland ; also Heinrich Latys [4] and Indrikis Latvian, Latvian. Latviešu Indriķis ; born not earlier than 1187 near Magdeburg , died after 1259 ) - German Catholic clergyman and chronicler, author of The Chronicles of Livonia .
| Henry of Latvia | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | not earlier than 1187 |
| Place of Birth | Magdeburg Archbishopric |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Occupation | , , , |
Content
Biography
The ethnicity of Heinrich is unreasonably disputed. Andrejs Pumpurs in the epic “ Lachplesis ”, and after him the Latvian historiography of the first half of the 20th century, led by Arved Schwabe, insisted that Henry was a Latvian [5] (possibly taken as a child by the Germans). However, in the Chronicle itself, its author consistently uses the pronoun "we", speaking specifically about the Germans.
Heinrich was brought up in Germany in the Augustinian monastery Segeberg on Mount Sege in Holstein . Around 1205, he came to Riga as a youth and later began missionary work in Livonia . In 1208, Henry was ordained bishop Albert to the priesthood, received a parish in Papendorf ( German: Ymera , Latvian. Rubene ), located 12 km north of Wenden , which was later granted him possession of flax .
Heinrich became the hero of the poem by Vizma Belshevitsa “Remarks of Heinrich of Latvia in the fields of the Livonian Chronicle” ( Latvian Indriķa Latvieša piezīmes uz Livonijas hronikas malām ; 1969 ). Here the image of the Latvian chronicler, compelled to sympathetically describe the gains of an alien regime, was used by the poetess, as it is believed, to express her attitude to the Soviet regime in Latvia [5] .
Livonia Chronicle
Main article : Chronicle of Livonia
In 1225 - 1227, Henry compiled a special chronicle - “The Chronicle of Livonia” ( Latin Chronicon Livoniae , German: Livländische Chronik ), which described in detail the events of the Livonian Crusade and the history of the conversion to Christianity of the tribes of Livs , Zemgals , Curon , Latgals , villages and estov . The Chronicle of Henry is the most authoritative source on the history of the Eastern Baltic at the end of the XII and the beginning of the XIII centuries.
It is believed that this chronicle was compiled for the first visit to Livonia of the papal legate Wilhelm of Modena and was to demonstrate to the whole world the successes of the Riga Bishop Albert Buksgevden and the Order of the Swordsmen in the Catholic colonization of the Baltic states . [6]
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119318679 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ LIBRIS - 2014.
- ↑ Chronicle of Livonia, XVI, 3
- ↑ Heinrich Latvian // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 Linda Kaljundi, Kaspars Kļaviņš. The Chronicler and the Modern World: Henry of Livonia and the Baltic Crusades in the Enlightenment and National Traditions // Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia / Edited by Marek Tamm, Linda Kaljundi and Carsten Selch Jensen. - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011 .-- P. 445-449 . (eng.)
- ↑ Khrustalyov Denis Grigorievich . “The Northern Crusaders. Russia in the struggle for spheres of influence in the Eastern Baltic of the 12th-13th centuries ”/ scientific editor V.Yu. Trofimov. - 3rd edition. - St. Petersburg :: Eurasia, 2018 .-- S. 149-155, 210-226. - 622 p. - ISBN 978-5-91852-183-0 .
Literature
- Henry of Latvia // Slavic Encyclopedia: Kiev. Russia - Muscovy: In 2 t. - T. 1: [A - M] / Aut. V.V. Boguslavsky. - M .: OLMA-press, 2003 .-- S. 273 - 274.
- Henry of Latvia // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. - T. 4: The Hague - Dvin. - M .: Owls. Encycl., 1963. - St. 209.
- Heinrich Latvian // Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. F.A. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron. - T. VIII (15): Halberg - Germanium. - SPb., 1892 .-- S. 361.
- Zutis J. Essays on the historiography of Latvia. - Part I: Baltic.-German. historiography. - Riga: Latgosizdat, 1949. - “The Chronicle of Livonia”: S. 6 - 17.
- Kiprianovich N. Ya. Livonian Chronicle of Heinrich Latvian // Collection of the Scientific and Literary Society at the Imperial Yuryev University. - Yuriev, 1903. - T. VI. - S.190 - 212.
- Keissler F. The end of the original Russian rule in the Baltic region in the XIII century. - SPb., 1900.
- Matuzova V.I., Nazarova E. L. "Chronicle of Livonia" by Henry // Matuzova V.I., Nazarova E. L. Crusaders and Russia: Kon. XII century - 1270: Texts, trans., Comment. - M .: Indrik, 2002 .-- S. 32 - 35.
- Nazarova E. L. Henry "The Chronicle of Livonia" // Ancient Russia in the medieval world: Encycl. / Under the total. ed. E. A. Melnikova, V. Ya. Petrukhina. - M .: Ladomir, 2014 .-- S. 176 - 177.
- Nazarova E. L. Henry of Latvia // Orthodox Encyclopedia. - T. X: Deuteronomy - George. - M.: Rights. Encycl., 2005 .-- S. 640 - 641.
- Nazarova E. L. Russian-Latgale contacts in the XII - XIII centuries. in the light of the genealogy of the princes Jersike and Koknese // Ancient States of Eastern Europe: Materials and Research, 1992-1993. - M., 1995 .-- S. 182 - 196.
- Stolypin A. D. Chronicle of Heinrich Latvian as an aid to the study of the history of S.-Z. region: [Including retelling of the chapters of the Chronicles of Livonia]. - Vilna: Typ. R. M. Romm, 1867. - [2], 54, 13 p.
- Trusman G. G. The oldest Livonian chronicle and its author: ["Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae"] / George Trusman. - SPb., 1907. - 24 p. - (Separate print from: Notes of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Island; T. VII, issue 2).
- Cherkasov R. Henry of Latvia // Catholic Encyclopedia. - T. I: A - Z. - M.: Franciscan Publishing House, 2002. - Stb. 1243 - 1244.
- Chesikhin E. V. The History of Livonia from Ancient Times: [Including the retelling of the Chronicles of Livonia]. - Riga, 1884. - T. 1; Riga, 1885 .-- T. 2.
- Yurens I. The Most Ancient Livonian Chronicle / Eve. Lawrence // Zap. Imp. Rus archaeol. about. - SPb., 1904. - T. V. Issue. 2. - (Separate impression from: Notes of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Island; T. V, issue 2).
- Bautz FW Heinrich von Lettland // Biographisch-bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. - Hamm, 1990. - Bd. 2 .-- S. 682 - 683.
- Coja S. Die Frage der Herkunft des Chronisten Henrich von Lettland in der russischen Historiografie // Forschungen zur baltischen Geschichte. - Tartu: Akadeemiline ajalooselts. - 2014. - Bd. 9. - S. 11 - 24.
- Hildebrand H. Ch. Die Chronik Heinrichs von Lettland: Ein Beitrag zu Livlands Historiographie und Geschichte / Herm. Hildebrand. - Berlin, 1865. - 173 s.
- Hildebrand H. Ch. Die Chronik Heinrichs von Lettland: Eine Abhandlung welche mit Genehmigung einer Hochverordneten / Hermann Hildebrand; Historisch-philologischen Facultät der Kaiserlichen Universität Dorpat zur Erlangung des Grades eines Magisters der Geschichte. - Dorpat: Druch von Mattiesen, 1867. - 173, [5] s.
- Johansen P. Heinrich von Lettland // Neue deutsche Biographie. - Berlin, 1969. - Bd. 8. - S. 413.