Thunder Bay is a city in Canada , in the western part of Ontario , on the northern shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Kaministikva River ( Kaministikia ) [1] .
| Thunder Bay Thunder bay English | |
|---|---|
| - City - | |
 | |
Coordinates: | |
| Control | |
| A country |  Canada |
| Provinces |  Ontario |
| Current status with | 1970 |
| The mayor | Bill mauro |
| Demography | |
| Population | 107 909 people ( 2016 ) |
| Density | 328.6 people / km² |
| Official language (s) | English , French |
| Geography | |
| Area | 328.36 km² |
| Timezone | UTC − 5: 00 |
| Telephone code | + 1-807 |
| Web site | |
Thunder Bay was formed in 1970 as a result of the merger of the cities of Fort William and Port Arthur and the adjacent township Nying and McIntyre [2] . At the time of unification, each of both cities had about 50 thousand inhabitants. In the period after the merger, population growth was slow [3] .
Thunder Bay is very high in comparison with the average crime rate in the country [4] . He is the leader among large urban formations in Canada in the number of murders per capita and is considered the “capital of murders" [5] . Another problem is robbery caused by growing drug addiction [4] .
Thunder Bay is home to Lakehead University as well as Confederation College [3] .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Economics
- 3 population
- 4 Climate
- 5 Sports
- 6 notes
- 7 References
History
Before the arrival of Europeans, the Ojibwe communities lived on the northern shore of Lake Superior. In the 17th century, French fur traders came here. In 1679, the French built Fort Kaministiguayan on the Kaministikva River, but it was later abandoned. A permanent settlement appeared here in 1803, when the Northwest Company built Fort William. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was the center of Canadian fur trade, but after the merger of the North-West Company with the Hudson's Bay Company, its significance weakened [3] . By the middle of the century, the main industry of the region was the extraction of minerals - copper, gold, silver [2] .
At this time, Canada began to show interest in expanding to the west. Engineer Simon Dawson was tasked with arranging the way to Fort Harry, now Winnipeg . The mouth of the Kaministikwa River was unsuitable for navigation, and the Depot, located north-east of Fort William, was chosen as the starting point for the Dawson Road — serving as the landing point for ships since 1805. In 1870, Colonel Walsley , who arrived to crush the Red River uprising , renamed Depot Harbor of Prince Arthur in honor of Queen Victoria's third son. [2] Thanks to the best docks and the discovery of silver, the harbor of Prince Arthur quickly outgrew its neighbor, and in 1884 it was renamed Port Arthur. The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad , which began in Fort William in 1875, breathed new life into it, triggering an influx of workers and immigrants, but also caused prolonged distrust and rivalry between the settlements [3] .
With the decline of silver mining at the end of the century, logging has become a leading industry. With the help of horses, the logs were delivered to the river banks, from where they rafted to the sawmills located on the shores of Lake Superior. In 1882, the first railway line from the west was completed, and the increasing flow of grain transport led to the prosperity of Fort William. After 2 years, the first elevator was built, and by the 1920s the ports of the region had the largest granaries in North America [2] .
From the beginning of the 20th century, the question of combining Fort William and Port Arthur began to be raised. In 1920 and 1958, plebiscites were held to unite, but they did not lead to anything. In 1969, the Ontario provincial government issued a decree to unite the two cities on January 1, 1970, and their residents were asked to choose a name. The Thunder Bay option won by a slight margin [6] .
Economics
Thunder Bay is a major transport hub and port , as well as the center of the eponymous district . The city also has enterprises of machine building , woodworking and pulp and paper industry. The forest industry is the main source of jobs in industry. Forest products, coal and potassium salt are exported through the port, but grain remains the main object of port traffic - more than 70%. Thunder Bay Port grain storage facilities are among the largest in the world. Other industries include the production of railroad cars, ship repair, assembly of specialized equipment and biotechnology. Also, employment is provided by developed areas of management, services and tourism [3] .
Population
According to the 2016 census , the population leaves 107 909 people [7] , the metropolis - 121 621 inhabitants [8] .
Climate
| Climate Thunder Bay | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 9,4 | 15,5 | 23.8 | 28.3 | 35,2 | 39.0 | 37,2 | 40.3 | 34.1 | 28.3 | 21.7 | 12,2 | 40.3 |
| Average maximum, ° C | −7.9 | −4.8 | 0.9 | 9,4 | 16,2 | 21.1 | 24.3 | 23.7 | 18.3 | 10.5 | 2.2 | −5.1 | 9.1 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −14.1 | −11.3 | −5.1 | 3.0 | 9.1 | 14,4 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 11.9 | 5,0 | −2.5 | −10.4 | 2.9 |
| Average minimum ° C | −20.2 | −17.8 | −11 | −3.5 | 2.1 | 7.6 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 5,4 | −0.6 | −7.1 | −15.5 | −3.3 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −43.2 | −40.6 | −36.7 | −22.2 | −8.9 | −3.9 | 0,0 | −1.1 | −8.3 | −13.3 | −30.6 | −37.8 | −43.2 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 24 | 17 | thirty | 52 | 66 | 84 | 81 | 76 | 68 | 63 | 51 | 34 | 645 |
| Source: Weather and Climate | |||||||||||||
Sport
In 1995, the city hosted the World Ski Championships [9] .
Notes
- ↑ Thunder Bay . Encyclopedia Britannica (January 14, 2019). Date of treatment February 16, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 History of Thunder Bay . City of Thunder Bay . Date of treatment February 2, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Thunder Bay . The Canadian Encyclopedia (March 4, 2015). Date of treatment February 2, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Thunder Bay, Kenora among most violent cities in Canada . Thunder Bay News - TBNewsWatch.com (November 9, 2018). Date of treatment February 17, 2019.
- ↑ UPDATE: Thunder Bay leads Canadian cities in murder rate for second year in a row . Thunder Bay News - TBNewsWatch.com (July 23, 2018). Date of treatment February 17, 2019.
- ↑ Amalgamation . City of Thunder Bay . Date of treatment March 6, 2019.
- ↑ Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census - Census subdivision of Thunder Bay, CY (Ontario ) . Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency . Statistics Canada (April 23, 2017). Date of treatment February 2, 2019.
- ↑ Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census - Census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay . Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency . Statistics Canada (April 23, 2017). Date of treatment February 2, 2019.
- ↑ Cross Country Heads to Nordic World Ski Championships . News - Snow Sports Canada (February 17, 2015). Date of treatment March 6, 2019.
Links
- Thunder Bay Ontario Media Files on Wikimedia Commons
- The official website of Thunder Bay