Meaning

Sense is an implied concept and it directly depends on knowledge of the subject. An unfamiliar thing may seem pointless if you do not know how to use it, that is, how you can benefit from it. And, on the contrary, out of ignorance, a thing can be endowed with false useful qualities and possess, from this point of view, a meaningful meaning.

A vivid example of superstitions, meaningless for some things and meaningful for others, are signs, in particular signs: some believe that signs help predict the future and therefore see great meaning in them; others do not believe in them and do not see any meaning. The same can be said of an unfamiliar language: individual phrases in it seem meaningless, while natural native speakers automatically distinguish between the meaningful or meaningless nature of the words and sentences uttered.

Language in this regard is unique, as it is a meaningful carrier of thoughts, images, informational messages. For a people using a particular language, each word has its own meaning, its own purpose. Some kind of information is being transferred, people understand each other. They can exchange useful knowledge about various phenomena, objects and events. If there were no language, then the meaning of many events that were witnessed only by individual people would remain hidden from other people. Events would not be useful, and if danger approached, people would not have known about it in advance and would not have time to prepare. That is why words endowed with meaning and spoken at the right time are so appreciated (even simple exclamations that at first glance seem pointless, for example, “Ehh!”, “Aha-a ...”, “Urrr-ra! "," Yeah, "etc.). In this regard, namely in the course of studying the rules and norms of the formation of meaningful phrases, language is the subject of linguistics .

The ontology , the theory of knowledge and the methodology of science are also engaged in the study of meaning. In particular, in ontology, the semantic coordinates of being, the possibilities of delimiting the real realm are subject (for example, within the framework of society, in order systems). In the theory of knowledge, the problem of meaning is part of the problems of nature and sources of knowledge, namely, the boundaries of its meaningfulness and meaninglessness. Within the framework of the methodology, the applied characteristics of a specific scientific method are identified, in particular the focus of the method on providing innovative solutions to certain old problems, as well as the disclosure of entire classes of new problem situations. Otherwise, it is believed that the introduction of a new method is meaningless.

The key role in the methodology is given to semantic analysis and designing the semantic load of the used language constructions - futurodesign .

G. Frege in his article “On the Meaning and Significance” ( 1892 ) contrasted sense ( German Sinn ) and meaning ( German Bedeutung , denotatus ), although in German these words were sometimes used as synonyms ^[2] . If the meaning ( denotation ) is the indicated object itself, then the meaning is information about the object ( significat or designate ). For example, the expressions “Evening Star” and “Morning Star” have the same meaning, but by no means have the same meaning. At the same time, meaning is not a representation, since it carries not just a subjective image of an object, but some generally significant information ^[3] . Frege adhered to the point of view of mathematical logic Platonism : he believed that meaning does not belong either to the inner world of human notions, or to the outer world of objects. As an objective entity (in the manner of eidos ) he forms the “third world” ( German: Drittes Reich - the third kingdom). Moreover, meaningful expressions may not matter ^[4] . This distinction of meaning ( concept ), meaning (object) and name (word) is schematically expressed as a Frege triangle ^[5] or a semantic triangle ^[6] .

In Husserl's philosophy, meaning ( German Bedeutung ) is thought of as a “linguistically shaped” meaning ( German Sinn ), which in itself is an intention ( noem ). Husserl brings together meaning and significance, but contrasts them with the referent ^[2] . Wittgenstein was the first to point out the crucial role of context in revealing meaning ^[7] .

In addition to semantic definitions of meaning, there are pragmatic ones that evaluate this phenomenon from the perspective of a person as a subject of activity. In this case, the meaning becomes the value , significance or characteristic of the usefulness of the item for the user. The meaning is acquired in the context of a life situation, needs, self-preservation and projective activity. Meaning contains a component of both knowledge about the subject and attitude to it ^[8] . In the expression “what is the meaning of this?” The meaning is identified with benefit.

• Common sense
• Meaning of life
• Understanding
• The concept
• purpose
• Sign

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• Shpet G.G. Phenomenon and meaning, 1914.
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• Sergeev D.V. Ontology of cultural meaning. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2009 .-- 167 p. - ISBN 978-5-02-032164-9 .
• Victor Frankl. The will to make sense = Viktor E. Frankl. Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. - Alpina Non-fiction, 2018 .-- 228 p. - ISBN 978-5-91671-848-5 .

• About the meaning and meaning