"Standart" - the first sailing frigate of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Empire , laid down by decree of Peter I and the order of the governor A.D. Until 1710, in all documents was listed as a battleship.
| Standard | |
|---|---|
| Standart | |
| Service | |
 Russia | |
| Type of sailing weapon | Frigate |
| Organization | Baltic Fleet |
| Manufacturer | Olonets shipyard |
| The author of the ship drawing | Vybe Guerens |
| Construction started | March 24 ( April 4 ), 1703 |
| Launched | August 22 ( September 2 ), 1703 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | 1730 year |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 220 tons |
| Gondek length | 25.5—27.4 m |
| Midship Width | 6.8-7.3 m |
| Draft | 2.6-2.7 m |
| Engines | sail |
| Crew | 120 people |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 28 guns |
Content
Ship Description
Sailing wooden frigate, the length of the vessel according to various sources could be from 25.5 to 27.4 meters [comm. 1] , width from 6.8 to 7.3 meters [comm. 2] , and draft from 2.6 to 2.7 meters [comm. 3] . The armament of the vessel was 28 guns, including eight-, six- and three-pound guns, and the crew consisted of 120 people [1] [2] [3] .
The name "Standard" was given in honor of Russia's conquest of access to the Baltic Sea . Until May 1703, the double-headed eagle on the royal standard was depicted with maps of the three seas of the White , Caspian and Azov . After the capture of the Nyenschanz fortress by Russian troops and thereby opening the access to the Baltic Sea, a fourth map of the Baltic Sea appeared on the standard. In honor of this event, the first frigate of the Baltic Fleet got its name "Standard" [1] .
Service History
The frigate "Standart" was laid down at the Olonets shipyard on March 24 ( April 4 ), 1703 , and after launching on August 22 ( September 2 ), 1703 , became part of the Baltic Fleet of Russia . The construction was carried out by the ship foreman Vybe Guerens . In September 1703, a frigate under the command of Peter Mikhailov with the rank of captain made the transition from the Olonets shipyard to St. Petersburg [4] [5] [6] [7] .
He took part in the Northern War . From June 5 (16) to June 10 ( 21 ), 1705 , Standart participated in the squadron of Vice Admiral Cornelius Kruys to repel an attack by the squadron of Admiral Cornelius Ankershtern on Kotlin Island. Every year in the campaign from 1705 to 1709, from May to October, as part of the same squadron, he went to Kronshlot to defend St. Petersburg from the sea, and in the winter went to the Neva . Also in the campaign of these years, "Standard" went on cruising voyages to Krasnaya Gorka and made training maneuvers in the raid . By the fall of 1709, due to decay, the frigate was unusable and was brought to the St. Petersburg Admiralty , where it was put on a slipway for timber [8] [9] .
On July 4 ( 15 ), 1711 , it was again launched and transferred to Kronstadt . In 1712, as part of the squadron, he participated in the cruising voyage between Garivalday and Biorke, and was also part of the fleet near Kotlin. In 1713, as part of a squadron of ships of the Baltic Fleet, he took part in cruising sailing near Krasnaya Gorka and the Birch Islands . Since 1714, he no longer went to sea [10] [11] .
In 1725, by decree of the Admiralty College, the frigate was transferred to Kronverksky harbor and dragged ashore. It was supposed to be preserved as a monument to the first battleship of the Baltic Fleet. However, the ship's hull was so dilapidated that in 1730 it had to be dismantled [10] .
Commanders
At different times, the commanders of the frigate "Standart" were [10] :
- captain Peter Mikhailov (1703) [12] ;
- captainP. Gray (1704) [comm. 4] [13] ;
- J. Delang (1705) [comm. 5] ;
- captain F. Wilimovsky (1706-1707 years) [comm. 6] [14] ;
- lieutenant captain S. Schon (1708-1709) [comm. 7] [15] ;
- junior captain G. Wessel (1712) [comm. 8] [16] ;
- 3rd rank captain B. Edward (1713) [comm. 9] [17] .
Historic Replica
September 4, 1999 at the shipyard "Petrovsky Admiralty" a historical copy of the frigate "Standart" was launched. The sailing ship belongs to the non-governmental non-profit organization Project Standart, periodically makes voyages in the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean , takes part in the filming of historical films [18] .
Notes
Comments
- ↑ 90 Dutch feet .
- ↑ 24 Dutch feet.
- ↑ 9 Dutch feet.
- ↑ Englishman in Russian service, the original is named after Piter Gry . In Russian transliteration, the spelling of the name Gray is also used.
- ↑ Dutchman in Russian service.
- ↑ Original name of the surname Wilimowski .
- ↑ Dutchman in Russian service, original of the name Schoon .
- ↑ Original named Hendrich Wessell .
- ↑ Original name of Benjamen Edwards .
References to sources
- ↑ 1 2 Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 182.
- ↑ Veselago, 1872 , p. 74.
- ↑ Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 64-65.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 181.
- ↑ Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 64.
- ↑ Veselago, 1872 , p. 74-75.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 144, 225.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 182-183.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 207, 524.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 183.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 206.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 144.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 244.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 207.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 523-524.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 205-206.
- ↑ Veselago I, 2013 , p. 527.
- ↑ Official site of the non-profit organization Project Standart . Date of appeal September 9, 2018.
Literature
- Veselago F.F. List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Printing Ministry of the Ministry of the Sea, 1872. - 798 p.
- Veselago F.F. The General Maritime List from the base of the fleet until 1917. - St. Petersburg. : “Atlant”, 2013. - T. 1. - 544 p. - (Military Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-906200-02-0 .
- Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
- Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .