The Jet Propulsion Research Group ( GIRD ) is a research and development organization engaged in the development of rockets and engines for them. [2] [3]
| Jet Propulsion Study Group | |
|---|---|
 Employees MosGIRD (1931). From left to right, stand: I. P. Fortikov, Yu. A. Pobedonostsev, Zabotin; sitting: A. Levitsky, N. V. Sumarokova , S. P. Korolev , B. I. Cheranovsky , F. A. Zander [1] | |
| Year of foundation | September 15, 1931 |
| Closing year | in 1933 became part of the RNII |
| Location |  Moscow |
| Key figures | S.P. Korolev M.K. Tikhonravov F.A. Zander |
| Industry | Rocket |
| Products | Rocket engine |
In the fall of 1931, the Moscow (GIRD) and the Leningrad (not to be confused with the Gasdynamic Laboratory - GDL, previously created) groups of jet propulsion research were organized under Osoaviahim , uniting volunteer rocket enthusiasts. GIRD, dubbed central, provided assistance to groups and circles on the study of jet propulsion in other cities of the USSR. In 1934, the GIRD and GDL were merged into the Reactive Research Institute (RNII). Propaganda and educational functions are entrusted to the newly organized Reactive Group of the Central Council of Osoaviahim, which successfully continued to work until the end of the 1930s and created a number of original small experimental missiles.
The Girdovites themselves jokingly deciphered the abbreviation as "A group of engineers working for nothing." [4] In the 1930s, laboratory staff worked on the same enthusiasm and did not receive any salaries. Since August 1932, funding was received from the Military Inventions Management Group (Marshal Tukhachevsky ). [five]
Content
MosGIRD
1931
It was created on September 15, 1931 from the jet engine section at the Bureau of Air Technology of the Central Council of Osoaviahim , and the Technical Council of the GIRD included: S. P. Korolev , N. I. Efremov, N. A. Zheleznikov, L. K. Korneev, Yu. A Pobedonostsev , M. K. Tikhonravov , F. A. Zander , A. V. Chesalov and E. S. Shchetinkov [6] [7] . The group consisted of 4 teams engaged in various tasks [8] :
- 1 brigade: leader Zander (engines), senior engineer L. K. Korneev, engineers A. I. Gryaznov, L. S. Dushkin, A. I. Podlipaev, A. I. Polyarny and A. V. Salikov, designers N M. Wever, L. N. Kolbasina, E. K. Moshkin and S. S. Smirnov.
- 2 brigade: leader Tikhonravov (products based on engines), senior engineer N. I. Efremov, engineers Y. A. Golyshev, BC Zuev and F. L. Yakaitis, designers V. A. Andreev, V. N. Galkovsky, Z I. Kruglova, OK Parovina and N. I. Shulgin, as well as the drawing artist E. I. Snegireva (Andreeva).
- 3 brigade: leader Pobedonostsev (aero-jet engines), senior engineer M. S. Kisenko, engineers G. I. Ivanov, V. E. Lisichkin and V. A. Timofeev, designers L. E. Bryukker, I. A. Merkulov and O. S. Oganesov, mechanics N. N. Krasnukhin and A. B. Ryazankin.
- 4 brigade: leader Korolev (aircraft structures), senior engineer E. S. Shchetinkov, engineers N. A. Zheleznikov, S. A. Pivovarov and A. V. Chesalov, designers V. V. Gorbunov and G. N. Fedotov , mechanics AM Durnov and B.A. Pivovarov, drawing artist V.V. Ivanova (Alexandrova).
1932
- April - the production part of the GIRD was created, a permanent building was allocated (basement of house No. 19, building 2 on Sadovo-Spasskaya Street), states.
- May 1 - S.P. Korolev was appointed head of the GIRD. Work unfolded in full swing. The OR-2 engines were created in a short time. The group also created an engine with an index of 10 for the GIRD-X rocket
1933
- On May 31, Brigade No. 2 completes the creation of the GIRD-09 rocket, the first hybrid rocket in the USSR to operate.
- On August 11, crew No. 4 develops an RP-1 rocket glider based on the BICH-11 serial glider and the OR-2 engine.
- August 17 - the first launch of the GIRD-09 rocket
MosGIRD launched a wide lecture propaganda, organized in 1932 courses of the theory of jet propulsion. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 0113 of September 21, 1933 , and then by Decree No. 104 of the Labor and Defense Council of October 31, 1933, the Reactive Institute was organized on the basis of the GIRD and GDL .
LENGIRD
Among the organizers and activists of the LenGIRD, established on November 13, 1931 , were I. I. Perelman and N. A. Rynin , V. V. Razumov (1890-1967) - the first chairman of the LenGIRD, engineers A. N. Stern, E. E Devilish, physicists M. V. Gajala, I. N. Samarin, M. V. Machinsky, members of the public.
In 1932, the LenGIRD included more than 400 members. The employees of the Gas-dynamic laboratory V. A. Artemyev , B. S. Petropavlovsky and others provided great help in organizing the LenGIRD and its work. The LenGIRD actively promoted rocketry, organized demonstration launches of small powder rockets, and developed a number of original projects of experimental rockets (photo rocket, meteorological rocket, etc.), in particular, the Razumov -Stern rocket with a rotary LRE. In 1932 LenGIRD created courses on the theory of jet propulsion.
In 1934, the LenGIRD was transformed into the Jet Propulsion Section, which, under the leadership of M.V. Machinsky, continued propaganda work, conducted experiments on the effects of overloads on animals, and, until the outbreak of World War II, led the development and testing of model rocket engines and missiles of original designs.
GIRD in other cities
Following the example of Muscovites and Leningrad residents, the movement for organizing local GIRD unfolded in Kharkov , Baku , Tiflis , Arkhangelsk , Novocherkassk , Bryansk and other cities. A major role in this movement was played by the propaganda activities of F. A. Zander , N. A. Rynin , V. P. Vetchinkin , V. O. Pryanishnikov and others.
See also
- Gas dynamic laboratory
- RNII
Notes
- ↑ RGANTD, F. 134, op. 6, d. 9
- ↑ GIRD turns 80 years old
- ↑ August 17, 1933 the first Soviet liquid-fuel rocket was tested
- ↑ Source: chapter “GIRD: organization and structure of 1931” from the book “Father” by Natalia Sergeyevna Koroleva, daughter of S. P. Korolev
- ↑ Chapter “GIRD becomes state. organization, S.P. Korolev is appointed the chief. " The book "Father", author N. S. Koroleva
- ↑ Biographical sketch about Evgeny Sergeevich Schetinkov
- ↑ Prudnikov, Koroleva, Boev, 2018 .
- ↑ GIRD: organization and structure of 1931. Author - Koroleva Natalya Sergeevna
Literature
- The section "GIRD (GROUP OF STUDIES OF REACTIVE MOVEMENT (1931-1933)" from the book "Father" by Natalia Sergeyevna Koroleva, daughter of S. P. Korolev
- A. Prudnikov, N. Koroleva, D. Boev. Faster than all winds // "Engine": magazine. - 2018. - No. 1 . - S. 25-27 .
- Historical and documentary online exhibition "Space as fate." On the centenary of the birth of S.P. Korolev . Among enthusiasts. Work in the GIRD . FAA “ Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation ” (2006) . - Hall three of the seven halls. Date of treatment November 8, 2017.
- Telecast with the participation of GIRD veterans (1983)