Andrei Dmitrievich Krasilnikov (1705 - February 15, 1773) [2] - Russian astronomer and geodesist of the Enlightenment , associate professor of astronomy at the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg (1753) [3] , "the first Russian astronomer" [4] .
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| Scientific field | astronomy , geodesy |
Born in Moscow in the family of a soldier of the Semenovsky regiment. In 1719-1724 studied at the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Moscow, a surveyor, in 1731-1733 studied practical astronomy in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Sciences under J. N. Delil .
The participant of the Second Kamchatka expedition of G.F. Miller - S.P. Krasheninnikov , equipped to observe the passage of Venus through the disk of the Sun (1733-1746). After returning, he worked at the Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences, taught at the Maritime Academy. For the first time (with an error of only 5 ′, that is, about 4.5 km at the latitude of St. Petersburg), he calculated the geographical dimensions of Russia - its length from the island of Dago (Hiiumaa) to the eastern coast of Kamchatka. The author of the first Russian-language textbook on astronomy and the "series of calendars."
From his writings are known: "Eclipsis lunaris 1755 Petropoli observata" (St. Petersburg, 1756 ), "Observations of the passage of Venus in St. Petersburg, in 1761" and some others [5] .
He was in the very center of the Russian scientific and cultural life of his era, collaborated with M. V. Lomonosov in the Geographical Department, in the preparation of navigators for the Northern Expedition V. Ya. Chichagov [6] , the poet B was baptized in St. Andrew’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg by poet V. K. Trediakovsky .
Great-grandfather of the poet A. A. Delvig , whose mother Lyubov Matveevna - nee Krasilnikova.
Notes
- ↑ Krasilnikov Andrei Dmitrievich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Krasilnikov Andrei Dmitrievich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Profile of Andrei Dmitrievich Krasilnikov on the official website of the RAS
- ↑ Nevskaya N.I. The first Russian astronomer A.D. Krasilnikov // Historical and astronomical research. - M .: State. Publishing House of Technical and Theoretical. lit., 1957. - Issue. 3. - S. 453–484.
- ↑ Krasilnikov, Andrei Dmitrievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Sokolova N.V. M.V. Lomonosov and A. D. Krasilnikov. // "Lomonosov", IV, p. 126-140 ( http://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/kes-abc/kes/kes-0752.htm ).
Literature
- Nevskaya N. I. The First Russian Astronomer A. D. Krasilnikov // Historical and Astronomical Research. - 1957. - Issue 3. - S. 453–484.