Mezhgorye (Bashkortostan)

It consists of two parts: the Central ZATO microdistrict of Mezhgorye (Kuzelga village, Ufa-105, Beloretsk-16, Solnechny village) ( ) and the micro-district South-West ZATO Mezhgorye (formerly Ilmyash, Tatly, Beloretsk-15) ( N. ), located on a distance of 25 km from each other in a straight line.

Mizhhirya Central is located 230 km in a straight line southeast of Ufa and 50 km northwest of Beloretsk , on the territory of the South Ural Reserve , at the foot of Mount Yamantau , at an altitude of about 500 meters above sea level. Nearby is the Small Inzer River , into which the Bolshaya Kuzelga River flows.

Mizhhirya-Yugo-Zapadnoye is located 230 km in a straight line southeast of Ufa and 35 km north-west of Beloretsk, also in the territory of the South Ural Reserve at the foot of Mount Dunan-Suigan. To travel to the territory of both microdistricts, you must have a special permit - a pass.

At the beginning of the XVIII century, the village of Ilmyash was founded. It was later renamed the Tatly village.

In 1930, a special settlement was formed in the village of Kuzelga GULAG of the NKVD of the USSR. It was called the village until 1979. Now it is part of the city.

On June 19, 1978, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted Decree No. 487-152 on the creation of the South Ural Natural Reserve ^[3] , by the same decree its territory was equated to the Far North with the provision of appropriate benefits to persons living and working in it ^{[4 ]} , one year of work (service) is equivalent to 1.5 years under normal conditions, a district coefficient is paid, and “military personnel involved in the construction of a special facility should pay field money” ^[5] . These benefits were retained in Presidential Decree No. 687 of July 8, 1995, “On Approving the Borders of a Closed Administrative Territorial Entity - the City of Mezhgorye, Republic of Bashkortostan,” a district coefficient of 1.7 for wages was established for all city workers ^[6] . The above documents, as well as the decision of the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated June 22, 1979 No. DS-22 and the directive of the Central Financial Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR dated June 25, 1979 No. 180 / 10-00361 are secret ^[4] , only available on them extracts.

The first reports in the local press about construction underway in the Yamantau mountain region date back to the early 1990s. The newspaper Beloretsky Rabochiy expressed concern about the quality of water in the Inzer River and wrote that "the Ural Mining and Processing Plant of the USSR Ministry of Metallurgy is located on the territory of the reserve <...> The agency has built two towns and is developing ore deposits." According to the newspaper, 220 of the 2560 km² territory of the reserve were under the jurisdiction of the plant ^[7] . In 1992, the facility was visited by a commission consisting of two deputies and the deputy chairman of the commission of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Bashkortostan on ecology and rational use of natural resources, after which the results of a study of the level of background radiation at the facility, which, according to the commission, did not pose a radiation hazard, were published. ^[8] .

In 1991, in Beloretsk-16, wastewater treatment plants with a capacity of 20,000 m³ / day ^{[8] [9]} were put into operation (for comparison: urban sewage treatment plants of the 600,000th Tyumen have a capacity of 220,000 m³ / day ^[10] )

In 1992, the former first secretary of the Bashkir regional committee of the CPSU, Midhat Shakirov, stated that in the mountains a refuge was being built for top officials of the state in case of war ^[11] . In 1996, the construction manager of the facility, L. A. Tsirkunov, gave an interview to a local newspaper, in which he claimed that Shakirov made hasty conclusions, since he could only see the preparatory stage of work, and explained the future purpose of the facility as “a storage of food supplies and clothing of the State Reserve”. A crushing and screening plant was built nearby, since a large amount of stone was extracted during the construction, the need for which is quite large. According to Tsirkunov, military builders and workers of the FSUE Construction Management No. 30 ^{[11] [12]} worked at the facility. In April of the same year, information about the work appeared in the New York Times , in the article the author analyzed the reports of local and national newspapers and cited the opinions of American officials ^[13] . Igor Sergeyev , the then commander in chief of the Strategic Missile Forces , denied the connection between construction and his troops ^[14] . Later, the data of the Strategic Command of the US Armed Forces that a secret bomb shelter complex is located in Yamantau were also announced. ^[15] The newspaper Segodnya claimed that the object was connected to the so-called Dead Hand system ^[11] .

By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1995, the status of the city and ZATO was assigned.

As of 2001, it was known that “the construction of facilities and a plant on the territory of the closed municipalities of Mizhhiria was not completed, which is confirmed by a letter from the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation dated March 2, 1999 No. 21-414, a letter from the head of the Directorate No. 10 of the NPO Archey from April 6, 1999 No. 543, certificate of the NGO "Archaeus" of Directorate No. 10 dated April 10, 2001 No. 100, by letter and. about. First Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2000 No. A41 / 51-666 ” ^[6] . Until the mid-2000s, ZATO was guarded by units of the military unit No. 71111 of the 9th Central Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ^[5] . Security is now provided by departmental security.

An indirect evidence of the completion of the underground facility by 2007 may be the dismantling of one of the workshops of the mining and processing plant, during which four workers died on April 24, 2007 ^[16] . Also reported an increase in unemployment in the Intermountain.

According to the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia , the population will be ^[26] :

• 2024 - 15.65 thousand people
• 2035 - 14.76 thousand people.

National composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Census : Russians - 59.1%, Bashkirs - 27.5%, Tatars - 7.9%, Ukrainians - 2.5%, people of other nationalities - 3% ^[27] .

Relocation

ZATO builders are periodically allocated apartments in central Russia (for example, in Kursk , Orel , Yegoryevsk ^{[28] [29]} ), however, under the law, the unclassified process of their distribution is tightly closed from any publicity, which in recent years has led to endless lawsuits of the people with local authorities and themis. According to the administration ^[30] , this is caused by the imperfection of the federal law “On Closed Administrative Territorial Entity”.

The structure of the local government of the urban district (ZATO Mezhgorye) is ^[2] :

• Council ZATO Mezhgorye - a representative body of the urban district;
• Chairman of the Council ZATO Mezhgorye - head of the city district;
• Administration of ZATO Mezhgorye - administration of the city district;
• Control and Audit Chamber of the closed administrative complex of Mizhhiria.

The chairman of the Council of ZATO Mezhgorye is Vladimir Nikolaevich Egorov.

The head of the administration of ZATO Mezhgorye is Ilya Sergeevich Terekhov.

A budget of approximately 70% is generated by federal subsidies and subsidies ^[31] . At least until 2005, there was a serious tax debt to the federal and republican budgets (since 2005 the situation began to improve, tax collection began to exceed established indicative indicators ^[32] ).

There are 4 municipal unitary enterprises in the city ^[35] , among them:

• MUE "Housing and Public Utilities",
• MUE "Rifey",
• MUP "Mezhgoryevskaya geodetic office".

On the initiative of the Russian State Duma of the first convocation V.A. Kuleshi, in the early 90s of the XX century, a rope workshop of the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant was located in the village of Tatly, which immediately provided more than 100 jobs to the unemployed ZATO.

The city-forming enterprise of Mezhgorye is ^[36] FSUE Construction Management No. 30 .

In the Central microdistrict there are only two traffic lights that never burn green. They stand before leaving the fire station and are always turned off. They are included only when it is necessary to leave the fire brigade on alarm. It is worth noting that at the same time they are lit in red.

The nearest railway station with passenger traffic Yush Kuybyshevsky railway. It is located south of the Southwest microdistrict. The station is followed by trains No. 675/676 Ufa - Sibay with trailed cars Moscow - Magnitogorsk , No. 345/346 Nizhnevartovsk - Adler , as well as 2 pairs of Beloretsk - Inzer electric trains.

There is a bus station in Tsentralny. In the South-Western region, the bus station was closed in 2016. According to the Law (dated July 14, 1992 N 3297-1) "On Closed Administrative Territorial Entity", if you arrived in the closed administrative district of Mizhhiria without permission, and if you do not have a special pass, you are liable to a fine.

The city has five kindergartens, three secondary schools.

Additional education for children is provided by 3 municipal institutions ^[35] :

• children's art school;
• Children and Youth Sports School "Youth";
• after-school work center.

The work of children's art school No. 1 is noted at the federal level ^[37] .

Health and preventive classes and a group of around-the-clock children staying in difficult social conditions work at the Logos center for psychological, medical and social support ^[35] .

Two polyclinics operate (one in Mizhhirya-Tsentralny, the other in Mizhhirya-Yugo-Zapadnoye), three pharmacies, an outpatient clinic, a hospital for 121 beds of the round-the-clock stay of the federal state healthcare institution “Medical unit No. 142 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia ". ^[35] :.

In Mizhhirya there are 2 municipal cultural institutions: ^[35] :

• MAUK "Center for Culture and Leisure";
• MBUK "City Library" Bukhakus.

The pop-folk ensemble "Razdolye" was awarded republican prizes, is a laureate of the All-Russian television festival "Play, accordion and drink!" (Magnitogorsk, June 2012). ^[38]

Open festival of the author’s song “Forest Microphone” (held on the banks of the Inzer River since 2001).

• Stele to the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
• Monument to the 60th anniversary of the Victory in World War II.
• Worship cross.
• Monument to soldiers-internationalists.
• Monument to Gagarin.
• Monument to the first builders.

In Mezhgorye, 4070 people (23.5% of the total population) are systematically involved in physical education, sports and tourism. A stadium, an indoor ice court, eight gyms, two illuminated ski slopes, a chess club, and gyms ^{[35] [39] were} built and operate in the city. There is a hockey club "Builder" ^{[40] [41]} .

Competitions of the district and republican scale are held annually ^{[42] [43] [44]} , the best athletes and athletes are awarded at the end of the year ^[45] .

In the game Call of Duty: Black Ops there is a mission that takes place on Mount Yamantau. One of the chapters of the game Metro Exodus takes place in Mount Yamantau, in which, according to the plot, there is a secret government bunker.

• MUP "The editors of the newspaper" Our time Mezhgorye "" ^[35] .

• The official website of the Administration of the closed administrative district of Mezhgorye, Republic of Bashkortostan
• Mezhgorye // Bashkir Encyclopedia / main ed. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .