Balis Sruoga ( lit. Balys Sruoga ; January 21 ( February 2 ) 1896 - October 16, 1947 ) - Lithuanian prose writer , literary critic , literary critic , dramatist , playwright , essayist ; Doctor of Philosophy ( 1924 ).
| Balis Sruoga | |
|---|---|
| Balys sruoga | |
 Balis Sruoga | |
| Birth name | Balys sruoga |
| Date of Birth | January 21 ( February 2 ) 1896 |
| Place of Birth | der. Baibokai Ponevezhsky County , Kovno Province , Russian Empire (now in Birzhaysky District , Lithuania ) |
| Date of death | October 16, 1947 (51 years) |
| Place of death | Vilnius , Lithuanian SSR , USSR |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire  Republic of Lithuania  the USSR |
| Occupation | philologist, prose writer, poet, playwright, essayist |
| Genre | Poem , poem , drama , novel |
| Language of Works | |
| Debut | Deivė iš ežero: Svanetų žemės legenda ( 1919 ) |
Biography
Born in the village of Ponevezhsky district of the Kovno province (now Birzhaysky district ). He studied at a real gymnasium in Ponevezh , then entered the Forestry Institute in Petrograd ( 1914 ), and later studied literature at the Faculty of History and Philology of Petrograd and Moscow University ( 1916-1918 ). I became acquainted with Jurgis Baltrushaitis , through him - with Konstantin Balmont and Vyacheslav Ivanov . He took part in the preparation, on the initiative of Maxim Gorky , an anthology of Lithuanian literature in Russian.
In 1918 he returned to Lithuania.
One of the initiators of the creation of the satirical theater "Vilcolakis" ( 1919 - 1925 ).
In 1921 - 1924 he studied at the University of Munich . From 1924 he taught Russian folklore and literature at the Lithuanian University in Kaunas (since 1930, which was named after Vytautas the Great University ), taught theater history. Professor of the University of Vytautas the Great (since 1932 ). In 1940 - 1943 and after the war ( 1945 - 1947 ) he taught at Vilnius University .
In 1943 - 1945 he was a prisoner of the Stutthof concentration camp . The writer's wife, the historian Wanda Daugirdaite-Sruogene ( 1899 - 1997 ) in 1944 , with the approach of Soviet troops to Lithuania , left for the West; died in the United States .
Balis Sruoga died shortly after the war, in 1947 , in Vilnius . He was buried in the cemetery of the Ras Vilnius. Thomas Venclova wrote about him:
Sruoga came to a German concentration camp, from where he returned to Vilnius. I managed to write a book about the camp, strong enough, cynical, with a tone slightly reminiscent of Borovsky . At the writers' meeting, one of the party officials said the following: The Germans, apparently, were right to keep such people in concentration camps. Sruoga was shocked and died shortly after this meeting.
- [1]
The book “The Forest of the Gods” (“Dievų miškas”) is devoted to the conclusion in Stuthof.
Creativity
From 1911, he published in the student’s magazine Aushrin ( Aušrinė ), the newspaper Rigos Nauenos ( Rygos naujienos ), and other periodicals of correspondence, articles and poems imitating Maironis and Lithuanian folk songs. In collections of poems "The Sun and Sand" ( 1920 ), "Paths of the Gods" ( 1923 ), halftones and emotional immediacy prevail. In historical dramas “In the Shadow of the Giant” ( 1932 ), “Terrible Night” ( 1935 ), “Radvila Perkūnas” ( 1935 ), “Pre-Dawn Part” ( 1945 ), “Casimir Sapega” ( 1947 ) draw the fate of the Lithuanian people at turning points stories. The play after Barbara Radziwill started after the war remained unfinished.
He translated poems by Jurgis Baltrushaitis , Alexander Blok , Valery Bryusov , Vyacheslav Ivanov , Fyodor Sologub , Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine , Heinrich Heine, and Novalis into Lithuanian .
Translated into Lithuanian " Word of Igor's Regiment ". He translated several poems of Lithuanian poets into Russian for the collection “Fatherland. Ways and achievements of national literatures of Russia ”edited by prof. I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay , prof. N. A. Gredeskula , B. A. Gurevich, Vol. P. D. Dolgorukov, prof. V.N. Speransky ( 1916 ).
Written in an ironic vein, the memoir book about Stutthof, The Forest of the Gods (written in 1945 , published in 1957 ) reveals the tragedy of the dehumanization of man; translated into many languages, including Russian (translation of Grigori Kanovich and Fyodor Shuravin , 1957 ). Poems Sruogi (translations by Ilya Selvinsky , L. Mil) were also translated into Russian.
Works Sruogi about the theater laid the foundation of Lithuanian theater science. The author of The History of Russian Literature (vol. 1-2, 1931-1933 ), which was based on his lectures.
Editions
- Raštai. 17 tomų. Vilnius: Alma littera, 1996 ( Works ).
- Balys Sruoga: rinktinė. Kaunas: Valstybinė pedagoginės literatūros leidykla, 1958 ( Selected ).
- Rinktinė. Kaunas, 1959 ( Favorites ).
- Rinktinė. Kaunas, 1960 ( Selected ).
Debut Book
- Deivė iš ežero: Svanetų žemės legenda. Vilnius, 1919 .
Poem Collections
- Saulė ir smiltys: aidijos, giesmės, poemos. 1920
- Dievų takais. Klaipėda; Tilžė: Rytas, 1923.
- Bangų viršūnės: eilėraščiai. Vilnius, 1966.
- Į mėlynus tolius: eilėraščių rinkinys. Vilnius: Vaga, 1981.
Plays
- Milžino paunksmė: trilogiška istorijos kronika. Kaunas: Tulpė, 1932.
- reprints: 2-asis leidimas. Chicago: Terra, 1954; Montreal: Monrealio lietuvių dramos teatras, 1960; Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 1995; Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 1996; Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 1999.
- Aitvaras teisėjas: pjesė. Kaunas: Sakalas, 1935.
- repeated editions: Panevėžys, 1938; Aitvaras teisėjas: pjesė ir poemos. Vilnius: Vyturys, 1987.
- Baisioji naktis: drama. Kaunas: Sakalas, 1935.
- Radvila Perkūnas: muzikinė pjesė. Kaunas, 1935.
- Kazimieras Sapiega: istoriška kronika. Chicago: Terra, 1944.
- repeated editions: Kaunas: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1947.
- Apyaušrio dalia. Kaunas, 1945.
- Vytis ir kryžius: pjesė. Kaunas, 1988.
- Kas bus, kas nebus, bet žemaitis nepražus: kaip Jonis Mažrimukas 1812 metais i Viekšnių Kaunan nusikraustė ir Napoleoną regėjo - ir kas iš to išėjo. Kaunas, 1937.
- reprints: 2-asis leidimas. Chicago: Terra, 1955.
- Giesmė apie Gediminą: gražiajam jaunimėliui. Kaunas: Sakalas, 1938.
- repeated editions: Chicago: Terra, 1952; Giesmė apie Gediminą: gražiajam jaunimėliui. Chicago: M. Morkūnas, 1982; Giesmė apie Gediminą. Vilnius: Vyturys, 1993.
Forest of the Gods
- Forest of the Gods ( lit. Dievų miškas ): atsiminimai, Vilnius: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1957, 494 p., [9] illustrations. l (Sruoga B. Raštai , t. 5). [one]
- reprints : Chicago (Ill.): Terra, 1957, 482, [4] pp .: portr .; Vilnius: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1960, 534 pp .: illus .; Vilnius: Vaga, 1971, 422; Vilnius: Vaga, 1976, 426, [1] c .; Kaunas: Šviesa, 1979, 319, [1] pp .; Vilnius: Vaga, 1985, 252s; Vilnius: Žaltvykslė, 2005, 171, [1] p. (excerpts for school); Vilnius: Lietuvos aklųjų b-ka, 2005, 1 audio disc (13 hours 5 min.): Record in MP3 format (or 3 audio disks (13 hours 5 min.): Record in WAV format).
- Forest of the Gods : a memoir book / translation from Lithuanian G. Kanovich and F. Shuravin, Vilnius: Vaga, 1982, 351, [1] p.
- other edition: Vilnius: Vaga, 1974, 392 p.
- Forest of the Gods: memoirs / translation from Lithuanian into English by Aušrinė Byla, Vilnius: Vaga, 1996, 339, [3] p.
- Forest of the Gods : “Dievų Miškas” written by the celebrated Lithuanian author Balys Sruoga (1896–1947) / translated by Aušrinė Byla, Lituanus , Winter 1974, vol. 20, No.4.
- 2 rev. ed. Vilnius: Versus aureus, 2005, 462, [2] p.
Screen version : Forest of the Gods ( lit. Dievų miškas (filmas) ), 2005 , production Lithuania - United Kingdom , UAB Baltijos filmų grupė ("Baltic Film Group"); 110 minutes, color, 35 mm. Language: Lithuanian; Subtitles : English. [2]
Actors: Steven Berkoff, Valentinas Masalskis, Liubomiras Laucevičius, Rolandas Boravskis, Šarūnas Puidokas, Robertas Urbonas, Saulius Mykolaitis, Monika Bičiūnaitė .
Directed by: Algimantas Puipa ( lit. Algimantas Puipa ), screenwriters: Algimantas Puipa, Ričardas Gavelis .
Criticism, literary studies, theater studies
- Dainų poetikos etiudai. Kaunas: Humanitarinių mokslų fakultetas, 1927.
- Kipras Petrauskas. Kaunas, 1929.
- Lietuvių teatras Peterburge: lietuvių teatro istorijos medžiaga. Kaunas: Humanitarinių mokslų fakultetas, 1930.
- Šarūnas valstybės teatre. Kaunas: Tulpė, 1930.
- Rusų literatūros istorija. 2 tomai. Kaunas: Humanitarinių mokslų fakultetas, 1931-1932.
- Lietuvių liaudies dainų rinktinė. Kaunas: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1949.
- Verpetai ir užuovėjos. Vilnius: Vaga, 1990.
Memory
In Kaunas, the street on which the writer and Wanda Daugirdaite-Sruogene built a house in 1938 , in 1956 was named after Balis Sruogi. Balysa Sruogi street since 1988 is in Birštonas . In 1966, a memorial plate was installed on the house where the couple lived in Kaunas until 1940 ( B. Sruogos g. 21 ), and a branch of the Kaunas Public Library and the Balis Sruoga Memorial Museum were opened in the house. In 1993, the museum became a branch of the Museum of Lithuanian Literature named after Maironis, since 1997 it has been named the Balis and Vanda Sruoga Memorial House-Museum. In 2007, a memorial plaque was renewed on the house [2]
On the wall of a house in Vilnius on Tauro Street ( Tauro g. 10 ), in which the writer lived in 1940-1943 and 1945-1947, in 1992 a memorial plaque was installed. The name of Balis Sruoga is one of the audiences of the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University . In the lobby of the Faculty of Philology, among the figures of famous university lecturers is a writer ( Sgraffito Rimantas Gibavičius; 1990 ). [3]
Notes
- ↑ Cheslav Milos, Tomas Venclova. Vilnius as a form of spiritual life
- ↑ Sruoga Balys (lit.) . Žymūs Kauno žmonės: atminimo amžinimas . Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka (2004). The appeal date is December 23, 2016.
- ↑ Lazauskaitė, Jurgita. Balys Sruoga (lit.) . Vilnijos vartai . Vilniaus apskrities kraštotyra (2011). The appeal date is December 23, 2016.