Kirk ( ancient Greek Κίρκη ; in the Latinized form of Circe [1] ) - in Greek mythology [2] the daughter of Helios and the Oceanic Perseids [3] [4] (or Persians [5] ). According to some authors, the daughter of Apollo and Efea [6] .
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Sister Pasiphai [7] . The goddess of the moon, related to Hecate, and, as Hecate and Medea , a sorcerer, a sorceress [8] .
According to Homer , she lived on the island of Aeia [9] ( ancient Greek Αἰαία , the location of the island in the legends about Kirk is geographically indefinable). Either from the island of Enaria [10] , or the island of Meonia [11] . Kirka's whereabouts were later moved from the Far East to the West, to the Tyrrhenian coast: its name was named Cape on the Italian coast (in Latsia). She inhabited the Tyrrhenian Sea, arrived on the island in the chariot of Helios [12] . She cleared the Argonauts after the murder of Apsirth [13] .
According to Diodorus , she was the daughter of Eeth and Hecate . Kirk married the king of the Sarmatians , poisoned her husband with potions. Becoming a tsarina, she perpetrated cruelty towards the courtiers, which caused her to lose royal power. She ran to the expanses of the Ocean and settled on the island with the women accompanying her; either in Italy at Cape Kerkay [14]
There are also two legends about Kirk’s hopeless love for the sea god Glaucus , whom Kirk avenged by turning his beloved Skill into a monster and the king of the Avzon , the son of Saturn Pick , who was transformed into a woodpecker by the goddess.
Content
Kirk and Odysseus
Odysseus was brought to her island during her wanderings on the sea. When part of the latter’s satellites that went to explore the island, Kirk turned into pigs, Odysseus went alone to the house of the sorceress and, with the help of the wonderful plant given to him by Hermes, defeated the enchantment of the goddess, who, admitting the brave guest Odyssey, invited him to stay with her on the island and share her love Odysseus agreed to the offer of the goddess, but first made her swear that she was not plotting anything wrong against him and would return the human image to his companions turned into pigs. Having lived a year on the island in bliss and contentment, Odysseus, at the insistence of his comrades, began to ask Kirk to let them go home and, having received the consent of the goddess, went first, on her advice, to the Aida region to learn from the soothsayer Tirecia about the upcoming trials.
According to the description of Homer , she had four servant girls , the daughter of the streams [15] (they evoke associations with four paradise rivers). According to Apollonius of Rhodes , her beasts are the first fruits of the evolution described by Empedocles [16] .
Receiving the desired information from Tiresia, Odysseus returned to Kirk Island and, warned by her about the dangers that await him at Siren Island, in the strait where Scylla and Charybdis live , and on the island of Trinacria, he set off on a further voyage. She taught Odyssey to make knots [17] .
According to Hesiod, Kirki was born from Odyssey to the sons Agrius and Latin [18] (Homer does not mention this). According to another version, she gave birth to the son of Telegon from Odysseus [19] (or Navsifoy and Telegon [10] ).
Kirka later married Telemachus , but was killed by him when he fell in love with her daughter Cassifon. [20]
In a later tradition
Kirk’s tomb was shown on the island of Farmakussy near Attica [21] . It was claimed that the Italic tribe of Mars originated from Kirk, which is therefore protected from snake bites [22] . Kirkei Mountain in Latsia is a place of hunting [23] . On Kirkei Mountain there was a temple of Kirk, there they showed the cup of Odyssey [24] . Kirkei Hill was at Colchis [25] .
The protagonist satyrovskogo drama Aeschylus "Kirk" (fr.309-311 Radt) and a number of comedies. Presumably Odysseus and Kirk are depicted on Kipsel's casket [26] .
By interpretation, she was heterosexual and fascinated guests [27] .
Impact on contemporary art
Kirk in literature
Analysis and interpretation of the myth are found in the literature, for example:
- " Metamorphosis " Ovid book 14
- Plutarch . "Grill, or the fact that animals have a mind"
- "Circe" (1916) - poem by Ivan Bunin
- The theme of Circe is developed in the 15th chapter of the novel by J. Joyce “ Ulysses ”.
- The story of Julio Cortazar "Circe" (Circe, 1951)
- Roger Жelazny 's story Circe Has Her Problems, 1965
- In the novel “ The Bull Hour ” by Ivan Efremov , a rational explanation of the myth is given:
Circe is a magnificent myth of immemorial times, originated from matriarchal deities, about the goddess’s sexual magic depending on the level of erotic aspiration: either down to swinishness, or upward to the goddess. He was almost always misinterpreted. The beauty and desire of women cause disgusting only in the psyche of those who have not risen above the animal in their sexual feelings. In former times, women only very rarely understood the ways of fighting men’s sexual savagery, and those who knew this were considered Circe. Meeting with Circe was a touchstone for every man to find out if he was a man in Eros. Sexual magic acts only on the low level of perception of Beauty and Eros.
- The historic fusion "Circe" by Medellin Miller (2018) offers another interpretation of the history of Circe.
Circe in music
- 1650 : "Ulysses on the Island of Circe", opera by Giuseppe Dzamponi
- 1675 : Circe, musical drama Charpentier
- 1694 : Circe, musical tragedy of Henri Demaret
- 1734 : Circe, opera by Reinhard Kaiser
- 1765 : Telemachus , or Circe Island, Gluck Opera
- 1779 : "Circe", The Opera of Myslivechek
- 1783 : Circe, opera by Chimarose
- 1938 : Circe, Zemlinsky's opera, unfinished
- 1948 : Circe, opera by Werner Egk, after Calderon
- 1963 : Circe, ballet by Alan Hovanessa (op. 204), whose music was reworked by the composer in the same year into the symphony of the same name (op. 204a), eighteenth in succession [28] .
- 1968 : “Kirk”, scene 3 of the first act of the opera “ Ulysses ” by Luigi Dallapiccola .
In Astronomy
Asteroid (34) Circe , discovered in 1855, is named after Circe.
Notes
- ↑ in the 18th century Russian language included the form of Circe from Latin; however, since the 1920s, more accurate spelling of Kirk has been distributed in translations from ancient Greek and anti-literature literature.
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world. M., 1991-92. In 2 t. T. 1. S.652; Pseudo-Apollodor. Mythological library I 9, 1 below
- ↑ Obnorsky N.P. Circe // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 956
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 138-139
- ↑ First Vatican Mythograph III 1, 70
- ↑ Pasiphaus - The Big Encyclopedic Dictionary - Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
- ↑ Nonn. The Acts of Dionysus XXII 75
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey IX 31; X 135—139
- ↑ 1 2 Hyginus. Myths 125
- ↑ The First Vatican Mythograph I 15, 1
- ↑ Hesiod, fr.390 M.-U.
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodor. Mythological library I 9, 24
- ↑ Diodorus Sicilian. Historical Library IV 45, 5
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey X 348–351
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonavtika IV 666-675
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey VIII 448
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 1013
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodor. Mythological Library E VII 14-17
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexander 808 and comm.
- ↑ Strabo. Geography IX 1, 13 (p.395)
- ↑ Comm. 111 I.I. Makhankova to Solin
- ↑ Polybius. Universal History XXXI 22, 2
- ↑ Strabo. Geography V 3, 6 (p.232)
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonavtika III 198
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas V 19, 7
- ↑ Heraclitus-allegorist. Oh incredible 16
- ↑ Alan Hovhaness List of Works
Literature
- Obnorsky N.P. Circe // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.