Muhali

Descended from a branch of the Jat of the Jalair tribe ^[1] . He came to Temujin together with his father, Bukh's brother and other Djalair, who were captured during the defeat of the Jurkin ^[4] . Later it is mentioned in the Secret Legend along with other Temujin's nukers — Boorchu , Borohul, and Chiloun — as one of the four “Kulukah heroes” ^[5] or “four heroes” ( Durban Kyulyud ), who commanded the four initial guards of the Keshik guard ^{[6 ]} .

Mukhali, along with Boorch, Borohul and Chiloun, were sent by Temujin to the aid of the Kereite Van Khan , who was attacked by the Naimans . The troops of the "four heroes" rescued from the defeat of the son of Van Khan Nilha-Sanguma (Sangun), who had encountered in the area of ​​Huulan-Hut the Naiman commander Koksau-Sabrah; they also returned the property and people of Van Khan captured by the Naimans ^{[7] [8]} .

Muhali actually led the war against the Jin Empire during Chinggis Khan’s campaign in Central Asia , receiving in 1217 the title of gundan — the prince “replacing” Genghis Khan in his absence (mentioned in the Sacred Legend of Mukhali's appropriation of this title on kurulta in 1206 is an anachronism ) ^[9] .

South Ossetia’s Ambassador Zhao Hong, who visited Muhali in Yanjin ( Beijing ) in 1221 , left a description of the go-wang:

Muhali on the audience with the emperor ^[10] was granted the posts of commander-in-chief of the army in the Middle Kingdom and the manager and titles of tai-shek and go-wang. He is a black Tatar . Over the past ten years, he has been carrying out punitive campaigns to the east and to the west, and frightens and shocks the barbarians and the Chinese. All important matters relating to campaigns and wars are decided by him personally. Therefore, it is called temporarily replacing the emperor. In the dress and ceremonial system entirely follows the regulations that exist for the son of Heaven. [...] He has a beautiful appearance, does not wish to shave off the top of his head, as other Tatars do, he only ties his head with a handkerchief, wears a narrow dress and knows how to speak languages ​​of various countries.

- Meng da bei lu ^[11]

Mukhali's grandfather was Tergete-Bayan, the father was Guun-Uva (Guun-goa) ^{[4] [12]} . According to the composition of Dongpin van shi-jia ("The hereditary house of Prince Dunpinsky"), Muhali had two older brothers (Hu-lu-hu-er, Tsi-li-ku-er) and two younger brothers - Bukh and Daisun ^[13] . In the Secret Story , only Bukh is mentioned, in Jami at-tavarih - only Daisun (Taisun).

About Qi-li-ku-era (option - Ji-li-ge-na) it is only known that he was a thousand-year-old. Buha (Moga) was one of the Thousands of Turkhuts of the Guard-Keshik. Probably, it was he who acted as a conductor for the troops of Jochi during a campaign against the “forest peoples” ( 1207 ) ^{[14] [15]} . Daisun "together with one of his relatives, whose name is not found out" at the head of two thousand Jalairas was transferred under the overall command of Muhali, after the appointment of that guo-wang ^[16] . According to Yuan-shih , Daisun wore the title Jun-Wang (the title of nobility of the first rank of the second class) ^[17] . Of his descendants known Tatar.

Among the wives of Mukhali, the sources retained the name Lai-man, probably one of the Jurchen princesses ( gun-chju ) who were captured by the Mongols ^[18] . Zhao Hong also mentions eight “dazzling whiteness and beautiful appearance” of Guo-wang's concubines, four of which are Jurchen and others “Tatar” ^[19] . The son of Muhali Bol ( 1197-1228 ) after the death of his father in 1223 inherited his titles and position ^[20] . Rashid ad-Din, in addition to Bol, whose name he conveys as Bogol-goyon, calls the son of Mukhali Hun-noyon, the “eldest of the emirs,” Kubilai ^[1] . Of the other descendants of Mukhali, Jaukur, a thousand-handed person in the state of Hulaguids in the reign of Ilkhan Abagi (1265-1282), and his brother Amuk (Umuk) are mentioned ^{[1] [21]} .

He was buried in Yulin city ​​district in Shaanxi province , PRC .

The descendants of Mukhali in modern Mongolia are known as representatives of the genus Mukhulig (goo muhulig). Representatives of the genera goo muhulig bones jalair , goo muhulig bones of the hotogod , muhulig bones of the hotogod are registered in the territory of the Batnor somons (the city of Berch ) and Norovlin aimak Khentii . The genus goo muhulig was also recorded in the modern Halhgol somon of the Eastern Aimag ^[22] . In the structure of the Zakhchinov , the genus Mukhlinehan was noted ^[23] .

The carriers of the following generic surnames reside in Mongolia :

• Mukhlayhan - in Ulan Bator and aimaks: Khovd , Orkhon , Darkhan-Uul , Tөv , Selenga , Mnagogov ^[24] ;
• Mukhlinehan - in Ulan Bator and aimaks: Khovd , Darkhan-Uul , Uvs , Orkhon , Selenge ^[25] ;
• Muhuly - in Ulan Bator and aimaks: Orkhon , Arkhangai , Selenge ^[26] ;
• Muhalay - in Ulaanbaatar and Tayv aimag ^[27] .

• Bichurin N. Ya. (Iakinf) . History of the first four khans from the house of Chingisov // History of the Mongols. - M .: AST: Transit, 2005. - p . 5-234 . - ISBN 5-17-031003-X .
• Kozin, S.A. The Secret Legend of the Mongols . - M .: Association of scientific publications KMK, 2002. - 156 p. - ISBN 5-87317-120-3 .
• Men-da Bay-lu ("A complete description of the Mongol-Tatars") / Trans. N. Ts. Munkueva. - M .: Science, 1975.
• Rashid ad-Din . Collection of chronicles / Trans. from Persian L. A. Khetagurov, edited and remarks by prof. A. A. Semenov. - M., L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. - Vol. 1, Vol. one.
• Rashid ad-Din. Collection of chronicles / Trans. from Persian OI Smirnova, edited by prof. A. A. Semenov. - M., L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. - Vol. 1, Vol. 2