Uraz-Muhammad Khan , Oraz-Muhammad, Ur-Magmet, Uraz-Mahmet, Uraz-Magomet Andanovich ( Kazakh. Oraz-Mұhammed (اوراز محمد), Tat. Uraz-Mөkhәmmәt ) (d. November 22, 1610 , Kaluga ) - Kasimov Khan ( 1600 - 1610 ). Regimental Governor. Prominent figure in the Time of Troubles .
Biography
Uraz came from the Kazakh branch of Genghisides , the eldest son of Ondan the Sultan, the grandson of the Kazakh Khan Shigai and a descendant of Urus Khan .
In 1587 , being called up by the Siberian nobility under the banner of Kuchum , he was captured by the Siberian governor Chulkov. First, the prince was sent north - to Bezhetsky Verkh , to the village of Gori, with a local salary of 2,000 chety and a cash salary of 200 rubles.
Uraz participated in the Russian-Swedish war of 1590-1595 , in a campaign against the Crimean Tatars (1598).
In 1600, Tsar Boris Godunov granted Uraz-Muhammad the Kasimov Khanate . Uraz-Mohammed became the eleventh ruler of Kasimov. Here is what Kadyr-Ali-bey-Zhalairi (adviser to the young sultan) writes about his accession to the throne in the book “Jami at-Tavarih”:
“On the fifteenth day of the holy month of Ramadan, Russian Tsar Boris Fyodorovich gathered his close associates, planted expensive beks in places of honor, archers lined with guns lined the streets, the best people bowed their heads respectfully. So the king of Uraz-Muhammad solemnly honored the son of Ondan-Sultan and, sitting next to him, showed him great honor, congratulated him. Royal nobles bowed their heads, showing their reverence. The king gave Uraz-Muhammad his share - the city of Kerman [1] . For several days the royal nobles dutifully served him. Becks, Murza, black people, only two hundred people from Kerman were in Moscow and were ready for services. Mr. Tsar gave his order and sent Uraz-Muhammad, along with an interpreter and retinue to the city of Kerman. That was the Thursday of the month of Shawal. After one week, in the month of Shawal, 24 days of the 1000th year of history, state people solemnly arrived in Kerman. Festivities lasted for several days, right up to the month of dhul-hijj. The tenth day of the month of suhl-hijj of the 1000th year of history, the year of the mouse, has come. On Thursday, Uraz-Mohammed Khan, the son of Ondan Sultan was raised by the Khan and seated on the throne. Big and small, Russians and Tatars, many people gathered in honor of the celebration. The stone mosque, built by Shah Ali, was filled with mullahs, hafizi, biys, beks, and murzes. The assembled jamagat delivered and installed a golden throne here. Immediately there were boyars who arrived at the behest of Tsar Boris Fedorovich. Seyid-Bolek read the hutbu [2] . Four people from four sides raised the dear khan on a golden sandalwood [3] . At 28, Oraz-Muhammad sat on an expensive throne. May God extend his days! ”
In the spring of 1601, Uraz-Muhammad visited Moscow. A few days after the presentation to Boris, Uraz-Muhammad was present in the Faceted Chamber during the ceremonial leave of the Polish ambassador Leo Sapieha. In Moscow, Uraz-Muhammad did not stay long. Already in April 1601 he was dressed up for service and assigned to protect the "Crimean border" in the Wild Field .
False Dmitry I confirmed the rights of Uraz-Muhammad to the Kasimov Khanate [4] .
In 1607 , by order of Vasily IV Shuisky, the vassal king fought against the rebels of the Seversky land :
"... at the behest of Tsar Vasily, the Tatars and Cheremis were instructed in the Ukrainian and northern cities of the districts of the districts of all people to fight and to have full and rob their stomachs for their betrayal
But already in the next, 1608 , during the confrontation between Tsar Vasily IV and the impostor False Dmitry II [5] , Uraz switched, along with his friend, the baptized Tatar Prince Peter Urusov , to the side of the impostor - thereby creating a large military unit from Kasimov’s, Romanov’s and Astrakhan (Yurt) Tatars.
On April 1, 1610, after a series of heavy defeats and the capture of Kasimov by the army of the boyar F.I. Sheremetev (sent by Tsar Vasily Shuisky ), Uraz-Muhammed and Peter Urusov decided to change camp again - and visited the Polish king Sigismund III Waza near Smolensk , where they were very favorably received [6] . Since the family of Uraz-Muhammad remained in the camp of False Dmitry II, he, according to Konrad Bussov , decided to return to the impostor, with the intention of organizing his murder [7] . But according to the testimony of the same Bussov, the king’s plans were decisively violated by his own son [8] :
“After an unsuccessful attempt to take Moscow in the summer of 1610, the impostor retreated to Kaluga and began to prepare for a new campaign. But the son of Uraz-Muhammad told False Dmitry that his father was going to finish off the impostor. And False Dmitry decided to get ahead of the king of Kasimov. During the hunt for Oka, he attacked the unsuspecting Uraz-Muhammad and killed him. The body is thrown into the water. To hide the murder, False Dmitriy galloped to his retinue, shouting that the khan intended to kill him, but he - False Dmitry - miraculously escaped ”
The service Tatars did not begin to avenge their murdered commander: most likely, he no longer particularly suited them at that time. And only Pyotr Urusov , who at that time was the head of the guard of False Dmitry, told the impostor that this was a murder, for which he was sent to prison for 6 weeks, after which, thanks to the intercession of the “Tsarina” Marina Mnishek , he was restored previous position. During a walk on December 11, 1610 , taking advantage of the fact that there was a Tatar guard and only a few boyars with False Dmitry, Peter Urusov avenged him for his comrade - “having ridden the sled on a horse, cut the king’s saber, and his younger brother cut off the king’s hand” . After that, the princes Urusovs and Tatar guards hastily retreated from the Kaluga limits, and the Russian boyars and the “royal” buffoon Koshelev informed Marina of the murder.
As the historian B.V. Gorbunov suggests, “during the Time of Troubles, the Kasimov Tatars managed to find the body of their leader in the Oka, bring it to Kasimov and bury” at the Staroposad cemetery . In 1860, an outstanding Turkologist Husain Faizkhanov discovered his tombstone, broken into two parts [9] . The following lines were engraved on the stone:
| In 1019, the month of Ramadan on day 16, the son of Ondan-Sultan, Uraz-Muhammed Khan, died. Lord Almighty have mercy on him. |
Literature
- Velyaminov-Zernov V.V. Research on the Kasimov kings and princes. Part 3. - St. Petersburg, 1866.
- Magauin M. Spring snow. - M .: Soviet writer, 1990 .-- 672 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-265-00804-7 .
- Sultanov T.I. Genghis Khan and Genghisides. Fate and power. - M .: AST: AST MOSCOW, 2006 .-- S. 326-332. - 445 p. - (Historical Library). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-0358040 .
- Cherepanovskaya Siberian Chronicle.
| Predecessor: Mustafa Ali | Ruler Kasimova 1600 - 1610 | Successor: Arslan |
Notes
- ↑ Khan-Kermen - one of the names of the city of Kasimov.
- ↑ sermon.
- ↑ According to the Kasimov tradition, four people raised the carpet on which the new king was seated.
- ↑ A letter confirming the rights and obligations of the Kasimov Tatars received from False Dmitry I was in the custody of Kh. A. Shakulov (a resident of Kasimov) at the end of the 19th century.
- ↑ Known as the “Tushinsky thief”
- ↑ However, it is believed that Peter Urusov was an implacable enemy of Sigismund III Vasa
- ↑ Historian M.D. Khmyrov considered this statement by Bussov to be “unreasonable.”
- ↑ According to other sources, a nephew.
- ↑ In 1702, by order of Peter I , the Kasimov mosque was destroyed. Apparently, the grave of Uraz-Mohammed was also destroyed at that time - and subsequently forgotten.