Wu Jianxiun (also known as Madame Wu ; Chinese trad. 吳健雄 , ex. 吴健雄 , pinyin : Wú Jiànxíong , pall .: Wu Jianxion ; English Chien-Shiung Wu ; May 31, 1912 , Taicang - February 16, 1997 , New York ) is an American physicist of Chinese descent. She participated in the Manhattan project (enrichment of uranium fuel), delivered (at the suggestion of Yang Zhang and Li Zundao ) the famous Wu experiment , which proved the non-conservation of spatial parity in weak interactions.
| Wu Jianxion | |
|---|---|
| whale. trad. 吳健雄 , exercise 吴健雄 , pinyin : Wú Jiànxíong , Eng. Chien-shiung wu | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | China , USA |
| Scientific field | physics |
| Place of work | University of California , Berkeley , Princeton University Columbia University |
| Alma mater | Nanjing University University of California, Berkeley |
| Academic degree | |
| supervisor | |
| Known as | discoverer of spatial parity non-conservation in weak interactions |
| Awards and prizes |  US National Science Medal ( 1975 )  Wolf Prize ( physics , 1978 ) |
Member of the US National Academy of Sciences (1958) [6] , foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1994) [7] .
Content
Biography
Wu’s ancestors came from Taiyuan , Shanxi Province, but she herself was born in Taitsang , Jiangsu Province, entered the National Central University in 1929 , studied at the Physics Department of Nanjing Central University in 1930–1934, and was engaged in scientific work at the university in 1934–1936 .
In 1936 she emigrated to the United States with her friend, a chemist from Taiyuan, Dong Zhofen. There she continued her studies at the University of California at Berkeley , where she received a Ph.D. in 1940 . Then she moved to the East Coast , where she taught at Princeton and Columbia Universities .
In 1956, Lee and Yang proposed that Wu perform an experiment to test their new theory of weak interactions, which was constructed without using the spatial parity conservation law . This experiment, now known as the Wu experiment , was posed in 1957 and showed that the law of conservation of parity can be violated during weak interactions. At first, the scientific community took this result with distrust, but the repetition of experiments, both similar in design to the Wu experiment and fundamentally different, confirmed its results. Later, Lee and Yang were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics . Wu was left without a reward, which was perceived by many as a manifestation of sexism .
In 1965 , Wu's beta decay monograph was published. Wu later investigated the molecular changes in hemoglobin that cause sickle cell anemia . The first woman is the president of the American Physical Society (in 1975 ). In 1997, she died of a stroke .
Awards and recognition
- 1948 - Elected member of the American Physical Society
- 1962 -
- 1963 - Comstock Award
- 1975 - United States National Science Medal , “For her ingenious experiments that led to new and surprising understanding of the decay of the radioactive nucleus” [8] [9]
- 1975 - Tom Bonner Prize , “For her pioneering work in beta decay, and particularly for carrying out beautifully precise experiments, crucial for unraveling of the nature of the weak interactions” [10] [11]
- 1978 - Wolf Prize in Physics ,“For the study of the forces of weak interaction , which contributed to the establishment of an exact form, as well as non-conservation of parity , for this type of force.” [12]
- 1986 -
- 1990 - Asteroid named after Wu.
Notes
- ↑ https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/chien-shiung-wu
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 FemBio
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 172467403 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ CS Wu
- ↑ Backdrop: CAS Foreign members (1994-2002) // Chinese Academy of Sciences, June 6, 2004
- ↑ https://www.nationalmedals.org/laureates/chien-shiung-wu
- ↑ The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details | NSF - National Science Foundation
- ↑ Prize Recipient
- ↑ Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics . Date of treatment August 5, 2012. Archived August 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=381
Literature
- Wu C.S., Moshkovsky S.A. Beta decay. - M .: Atomizdat, 1970 .-- 397 p.
- Wu Jian-xiong . Neutrino // Theoretical Physics of the 20th Century / Ed. I. Smorodinsky . - M .: IL, 1962. - S. 290-356.
- Temples Yu. A. Wu Chinsyan ( Physics: Biographical reference book / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 68 .-- 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)
Links
- Chien-Shiung Wu. 1912–1997 (English) About Wu Jianxiang at the University of California Los Angeles (ucla.edu)
- Chien-Shiung Wu. 1912-1997 // A Biographical Memoir by Noemie Benczer Koller, National Academy of Sciences, 2009