“ Ollantai ”, or “ Apu-Ollantay ”, or “ Olianta ” ( Quechua Apu Ullantay , from “Apu” - master, dignitary) - an Incan theater play in the genre of wank (dramaturgy) , the plot of which is based on real historical events during the reign The Great Incas Pachacutec and Tupac Yupanqui .
| Apu Ollantay | |
|---|---|
| Genre | huank |
| Original language | Quechua |
| Date of writing | XVI century (?) |
Story
Ollantay - the undaunted warrior, leader-ruler of Antisuyu, the eastern quarter of the Incan empire Tauantinsuyu . He is not an “ Inca by blood” (“son of the Sun”), but only an “Inca by privilege” (a title conferred on Tauantinsuyu to persons who rendered great services to the authorities, who showed themselves in battle or belong to the highest tribal nobility of non-Incan tribes, who sided with the Incas, sons of the Sun).
Spanish Drama History
The first reliable information about the drama " Ollantay " dates back to the third quarter of the XVIII century . The drama was staged in the circle of like-minded Jose Gabriel Kondorkanki , the future leader of a grand Indian revolt, who is also known by the name Tupac Amaru II. It is not surprising that after the uprising was suppressed by the Spanish authorities, a special decree was issued prohibiting the production of Quechua folk dramas under the threat of harsh punishment. The lists of these works were subject to unconditional seizure and destruction. Only in individual private collections and libraries did the lists of Ollantai avoid a sad fate. The manuscript of the drama was also preserved in the library of the monastery of Santo Domingo (rebuilt from the ancient Incan palace and temple complex of Koricancha ) in the city of Cuzco. This list was maintained at least until the middle of the XIX century . According to a number of researchers, the state of the manuscript was very unenviable: it was very damp, and it was almost impossible to read. The list, which is located in the monastery of Santo Domingo today, is a copy of the first and was made in later times.
There are two points of view on authorship and creation time. One side is trying to prove that the drama was created during the colonial period by the Spaniard, at best a mestizo who speaks Quechuan . According to this concept, Apu Ollantay was created only in the 18th century (usually usually the last quarter of a century), and its author was Antonio Valdez , a priest from Sikuani (although the arguments are very shaky - later posts with his name on the lists) . There is an opinion that the play was corrected in the 17th century by Espinosa Medrano, the regent of the choir in Cuzco .
On the other hand, it could only be transcribed in the post-Incan times (Inca used nodular writing ). Comparison with the “Inca Royal Comments” by Garcilaso (16th century) reveals a good knowledge of reality, it reflects social, legal, priestly, military details. At the same time, there are various interpretations of some characters, which excludes the theory of the influence of Garcilaso (Pachacutec in Garcilaso is the wisest, in the play he is vengeful, cruel, short-sighted and hypocritical). It may also be that the drama was handled in Spanish times, taking into account the achievements of the "drama of honor."
And now, Apu Ollantay can be seen on the stage of Latin America. Also, based on the drama, the first national Peruvian opera “ Ollantay ” was written by composer X. M. Valle Riestra (staged in Lima in 1900 ). The opera of the same name by the Argentine composer Konstantino Gaito (staged in 1926 in Buenos Aires ).
Editions in Russian
- Balmont K. D. Excerpt from “Allantay” // Anthems, songs and designs of the ancients. - SPb. : Pantheon, b. g. - S. 67-68. - 211 p.
Literature
- Ollantai // Olonkho - Panino. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1955. - S. 11. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 31).