Azeri [1] (asari, adari; آذری Āḏarī [ ɑ ː z æ r i ], Arabic. الأذرية (al-āḏarīya [2] )) - the ancient, extinct Indo-European language of Azerbaijan [3] [4] ( Atropatens ), most of which is now occupied by Iranian Azerbaijan . Refers to the northwestern subgroup of Iranian [4] languages. It was distributed in the region before the spread of the Azerbaijani Turkic language [4] .
| Azeri | |
|---|---|
| Self name | آذری / ɑːzæri / |
| Countries |  Iran (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Zanjan),  Azerbaijan (south of Kura) |
| Regions | Atropatena |
| Status | almost completely replaced by the Azerbaijani language |
| Extinct | XVII century e .; evolved into Talysh and Tati |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Indo-European family
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| Writing | |
| Glottolog | |
It was distributed in the south of modern Azerbaijan , in particular in territories now inhabited by Talysh , who are probably descendants of the ancient Iranian-speaking population of the region, and in the northwestern provinces of Iran : Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Zanjan (they are called Iranian Azerbaijan ) [5] . It supposedly existed until the XVII century , was supplanted by the Azerbaijani language of Turkic origin. It is believed that Azeri was not a single language, but united a group of dialects distributed in the specified territory. Starting from the XI century , the number of speakers of Azeri began to decline, due to the gradual Turkization of Iranian Azerbaijan. Currently, Iranian dialects are still spoken in several linguistic enclaves in Iranian Azerbaijan. Some researchers believe that these dialects are a direct continuation of the ancient Azeri languages, while other authors believe that the ancient Azeri languages completely disappeared [6] . One of the descendants of the Median language , the ancestor or the closest relative of the modern Talysh language , the disappeared Kilit language (Ordubad district of the Nakhchivan region of Azerbaijan), as well as dialects of Tatis preserved in Iranian territory (Takestani, etc.) . According to philologist Ludwig Paul, Azeri, along with its relatives - the Zazaki language and Talysh language, makes up the most northern group of Western dialects of Iranian languages [7] .
There was an assumption that Iranian words fell into Azerbaijani Turkic from Azeri, but later studies showed that most of them are borrowings from the Persian language . Azeri actually had no significant influence on the Azerbaijani language [8] .
The founder of the Sufi-Dervish order Safaviye and the founder of the Safavid dynasty, Safi ad-Din, wrote verses in Azeri.
Notes
- ↑ STUDYING TALISH LANGUAGE
- ↑ AZERBAIJAN. iv. Islamic History to 1941 - article from Encyclopædia Iranica . CE Bosworth
- ↑ Pireiko L.A. Ergative construction in Kurdish and Talysh languages // Brief Communications of the Institute of Asian Peoples. - Publishing House of Oriental Literature , 1961. - T. 30 . - S. 95 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan - Encyclopaedia Iranica
- ↑ moreover, there are multilingual zones in the province of Ardabil
- ↑ The Ancient Language of Azarbaijan, by BW Henning
- ↑ Paul, Ludwig. "The Position of Zazaki Among West Iranian languages." p-174 .: “The study of historical phonology shows that Zazaki, besides Gorani, Azari and Talesi figures among the„ most northern “of W. Iranian dialects today."
- ↑ AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan - Encyclopaedia IranicaOriginal text2. Words borrowed from Āḏarī into Azeri Turkish. These include dardažar “ailing” and * kušn “field”, which occur in Shaikh Ṣafī's dobaytīs (see Kasravī, Āḏarī, p. 41). Kārang (Jahān-e aḵlāq 4, 1956, pp. 84ff.) Notes a number of Tati words used also in Azeri Turkish, eg, dīm “face,” zamī “land, field,” olis, Azeri ulas “charcoal.” But to determine the full extent of such borrowings requires further research. Several authors, notably Adīb Ṭūsī (“Nomūna-ī čand az loḡat-e āḏarī,” NDA Tabrīz 814, 1335 Š. / 1957, pp. 310-49; 9/2, 3, 4, 1336 Š. / 1957, pp . 135-68, 242-60, 361-89; cf. M. Aržangī, ibid., 9/1, 2, pp. 73-108, 182-201; 10/1, 1337 Š. / 1958, pp. 81-93) have collected a large number of non-Turkish words used in the Azeri Turkish of the various parts of Azerbaijan (See Maškūr, op. Cit., P. 263 for a count); but, ignoring proper linguistic criteria, they have taken them to be Āḏarī, whereas in fact, they are, by and large, Persian (or Arabic, borrowed through Persian), a fact which shows that Āḏarī, unlike Persian, has not affected the lexicon of Azeri Turkish significantly. The assumption of these researchers that the material in the last chapter of Rūḥī Anārjānī's Resāla is Āḏarī (see above) has also tended to vitiate their conclusions. (For a listing of Azeri vocabulary see YM Nawwābī, Zabān-e konūnī-e Āḏarbāyjān [Bibl.]; And Koichi Haneda and Ali Ganjelu, Tabrizi Vocabulary, An Azeri-Turkish Dialect in Iran, Studia Culturae Islamicae, no. 13, , 1979.)
Literature
- Miller B.V. On the language of the population of Azerbaijan before the abdication of this field. M., 1930.
- Miller B.V. Talysh language and Azeri language . M., 1953.
- Henning BW The Ancient Language of Azerbaijan . London, 1954.
- Yarshater E. Azari or the Ancient language of Azerbaijan. Meryland, 1993.
- Yarshater E. AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan // Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III / 2, 1987.
- Huseynzade M.G., Mammadov A.A. Talyshi: history and culture. An anthology. M., 2009.