György de Hevesy (also known as Georg Charles de Hevesy or Georg Karl von Hevesy Hung. Hevesy György , German Georg Karl von Hevesy ; August 1, 1885 , Budapest - July 5, 1966 , Freiburg ) - Hungarian chemist, honorary academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , foreign Member of the Royal Society of London ( 1939 ), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry ( 1943 ), one of the discoverers of hafnium .
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| Scientific field | Chemistry |
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| Awards and prizes |  Nobel Prize in Chemistry ( 1943 ) |
Biography
Born into a wealthy Jewish family who converted to Catholicism . In 1908 he graduated from the University of Budapest .
University professor:
- Budapest University ( 1918 )
- University of Copenhagen ( 1920 - 1926 , 1934 - 1943 )
- University of Freiburg ( 1926 - 1934 )
- Stockholm University ( 1943 ) [5] .
When German troops occupied the Danish capital of Copenhagen during World War II in April 1940, de Heveschi dissolved the golden Nobel medals of German physicists Max von Laue and James Frank in aqua regia to hide them from the German occupiers. Von Laue and Frank were in opposition to National Socialism in Germany and entrusted their medals to Niels Bohr to prevent confiscation in Germany. The Germans were forbidden to accept and wear the Nobel medal after the opponent of National Socialism, Karl von Osetskiy , received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935. After the war ended, de Heveshi isolated gold from the solution and transferred it to the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences , which produced new medals for Laue and Frank. [6]
First use of radioisotopes
In 1911, a young student in Heveshi worked in Manchester with radioactive materials, and because of poverty he lived in a dormitory. Over time, Heveshi began to suspect that in the dining room of the hostel they used half-eaten leftovers, sometimes quite old, judging by their taste. To test his hypothesis, he added a small amount of radioactive material to the unfinished meal. A few days later, when a similar dish was issued, he took a sample and with the help of a simple electroscope confirmed his fears - the food was radioactive. This entertaining story is often used as an example of a scientist’s research nature, but he was also busy with more serious work in this area, using radio tracers to label lead . [7]
Major works
- 1913 - the method of isotope indicators (labeled atoms) is proposed, its application for biological research in conjunction with Friedrich Panet .
- 1922 - discovery of hafnium in conjunction with Dirk Coster
- 1936 - the first application of activation analysis in conjunction with the Hungarian chemist G. Levy [5] .
Recognition of Merit
- Nobel Prize in Chemistry ( 1943 ) - “For the work on the use of isotopes as labeled atoms in the study of chemical processes”
- Copley Medal (1949)
- Faraday Lecture (1950)
- Cotenius Medal (1959)
- International Atom for Peace Prize ( 1959 ).
Memory
In 2009, the International Astronomical Union named Heveshi crater in the area of the north pole of the moon .
Compositions
- Adventures in radioisotope research. The collected papers, v. 1-2, Oxf., 1962
- in Russian per. - Radioactive indicators, their use in biochemistry, normal physiology and pathological physiology of humans and animals, M., 1950 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 116785179 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Heveshi Gyorgy - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Nobelprize.org Archived October 27, 2007.
- ↑ The uses of radiotracers in the life sciences . Thomas J Ruth 2009 Rep. Prog. Phys. 72 016701 (23pp) doi: 10.1088 / 0034-4885 / 72/1/016701
Literature
- Melnikov V.P., Georg Heveshi, “The Journal of Vses. Chemical Society named. D. I. Mendeleev ", 1975 , v. 20, No. 6, p. 656.
- Hramov Yu. A. Heveshi Gyorgy (Georg) (Hevesy George von) // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 289. - 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)