International criminal law is an independent branch of public international law that regulates the cooperation of states in combating international crimes , their identification, investigation and punishment . It differs significantly from classical international law in that the subject of its regulation is primarily a person who has committed a certain act, and not the state as a whole.
Content
History
International criminal law began to take shape after the First World War . The Versailles Treaty provided for the creation of an international tribunal over the German emperor (Kaiser) Wilhelm II . The tribunal did not take place, since Wilhelm II was granted asylum in the Netherlands .
After World War II , an international tribunal was created to condemn war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Nazis . The Nuremberg Tribunal held its first session on November 20, 1945 and ruled on September 30 ( October 1 ), 1946 . A similar tribunal was established to investigate the war crimes of Japan ( International Military Tribunal for the Far East ). He worked from 1946 to 1948 .
After the outbreak of war in Bosnia, the United Nations Security Council established the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (1994), and the International Tribunal for Rwanda (1994) after the Rwandan genocide . In 1993, the work of the United Nations International Law Commission on the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court began , which ended in 1998 with the adoption of the Rome Statute of an international court at the Diplomatic Conference in Rome . The first arrest warrants were issued by the International Criminal Court in 2005 .
Judicial organs
The most important international judicial body in the field of criminal law is the International Criminal Court . There are also two special tribunals : the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Tribunal for Rwanda .
In addition, there are “mixed” courts and tribunals in which both international and national judges are represented (for example, the UN court on crimes committed by the Khmer Rouge during their rule, the UN Kosovo court).
May 30, 2007 Resolution 1757 of the UN Security Council established the Special Tribunal for Lebanon [1] .
Crimes under international law
Not all crimes fall under international jurisdiction , but only some of their categories:
- Crimes against the peace and security of mankind
- Apartheid
- Genocide
- Piracy
- Slave trade
- War crimes
- Unleash an aggressive war
Notes
See also
International law
Links
International Criminal Court (Eng.) (Fr.)
Literature
- L.V. Inogamova-Khegai. International Criminal Law. - SPb .: Legal Center Press, 2003. - 405 p. - ISBN 5-94201-252-0 .
- P. N. Biryukov. European Security Order // Academic Law Journal. - 2017. - 1 (67). -- with. 38-45.
G. Verlet. Principles of international criminal law. - Odessa: Feniks, Moscow: TransLit, 2011. - 910 p.