Alma ( Alma ; Ukrainian Alma , Crimean-Tat. Alma, Alma ) - a river in the Crimea .
| Alma | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Alma , Crimean Tat. Alma | |
 Alma River in the middle course | |
| Characteristic | |
| Length | 87.8 km |
| Pool | 635 km² |
| Water consumption | 0.711 m³ / s ( Postal ) |
| Watercourse | |
| Source | |
| • Location | Babugan-Yayla , trout farm at the cordon Black River |
| • Coordinates | |
| Mouth | Kalamitsky Gulf |
| • Height | 0 m |
| • Coordinates | |
| River slope | 13.7 m / km |
| Location | |
| Water system | Black Sea |
| A country |
|
| Region | Crimea |
The name in translation from Crimean Tatar means “apple” (there are many apple orchards along the banks of the river) .
The length of the river is 87.8 km, the catchment area is 635 km² [2] , the river slope is 13.7 m / km, the average long-term flow at the Pochtovoe gauging station is 0.711 m³ / s [3] . It originates on the northern slope of Babugan-Yayli in the Alushta region of Crimea, formed by the confluence of the Babuganka river and the Sary-Su stream, flows through the territory of the Bakhchisarai and Simferopol regions, flows into the Kalamitsky Bay of the Black Sea halfway between Sevastopol and Yevpatoria .
The upper course of the river lies on the territory of the Crimean nature reserve , brook trout is found on this section of the river. The water of the upper reaches of the river and streams and streams flowing into it is characterized by purity and transparency. One of the right tributaries of the river is the small river and healing spring Savlukh-Su (from the Crimean Tatar - “health water”), near which is the Orthodox monastery of Saints Cosmas and Damian.
Below the confluence of the Savlukh-Su river flows among the stone blocks, forming the Trout waterfall.
Content
Tributaries of Alma
- Karasu (Black) - left [4] ;
- Arancha - left [5] ;
- Piskur - left [6] ;
- Uskular - left [7] ;
- Dry Alma - left, 14.2 km long [8] ;
- Spit - right, 14.6 km long [8] ;
- Mavlya - right, 8.1 km long [9] ;
- Elga - left [10] ;
- Saber [11] or Sablynka [12] - right;
- Bodrak - left, 18.5 km long [8] ;
- Eski-Kyszav - left, 13.5 km long [8] .
On Alma, near the village of Kashtanovoye , where the estate of the former Tauride governor A. M. Borozdin “Sabers” was located, in which A. S. Griboedov stopped in 1825, a Partisan reservoir with a capacity of 34.4 million m³ was built in 1966, playing an important role in the water supply of the Crimean capital of Simferopol and many nearby villages.
In the valley between the Outer and Inner ridges of the Crimean Mountains near the village of Pochtovoe Alma, the largest tributary of Bodrak is accepted (length - 17 km, catchment area - 74.4 km²). Not far from here in 1924 the Alminskoe reservoir (formerly Bazar-Dzhilga) was built with a volume of 6.2 million m³. Further to the sea only small streams flow into the river - Eski-Kyshlav, Sakav and several nameless. The average water consumption is 1.25 m³ / s, the average annual runoff is 37.5 million m³ [13] .
During the Crimean War of 1853-1856, in the battle on Alma, Russian troops were defeated by the Anglo-French-Turkish forces on September 8 (September 20), 1854. The French celebrated their victory with the construction of the Alma Bridge across the Seine in Paris .
In honor of Alma, the asteroid (390) Alma was discovered, discovered by the French astronomer G. Bigurdan in 1894 in Paris . The name is associated with the battle on Alma .
Notes
- ↑ This geographical feature is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula , most of which is the subject of territorial disagreements between Russia , which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which the disputed territory is recognized by the international community. According to the federal structure of Russia , the subjects of the Russian Federation are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol . According to the administrative division of Ukraine , the regions of Ukraine are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with special status Sevastopol .
- ↑ editor of BC Tarasenko. Sustainable Crimea. Water resources. - Simferopol .: Tauris, 2003 .-- S. 398. - 413 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 966-572-476-2 .
- ↑ AA Lisovsky, V.A. Novik, Z.V. Timchenko, Z.R. Mustafaeva. Surface water bodies of Crimea (reference book) / AA Lisovsky. - Simferopol : Reskomvodkhoz ARK, 2004 .-- S. 22, 25 .-- 114 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 966-7711-26-9 .
- ↑ Mountain Crimea. . This is Place.ru (2010). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Mountain Crimea. . This is Place.ru (2010). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Southern Coast of Crimea. Central part of Crimea. Topographic map. . This is Place.ru (2002). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Mountain Crimea. . This is Place.ru (2010). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 State budgetary institution of the Republic of Crimea "Bakhchisaray inter-district water management department" (Unavailable link) . Government of the Republic of Crimea. Date of treatment June 4, 2015. Archived on April 28, 2015.
- ↑ Large Toponymic Dictionary of Crimea (Inaccessible link) . Large toponymic dictionary of Crimea. Date of treatment June 4, 2015. Archived April 24, 2015.
- ↑ Mountain Crimea. . This is Place.ru (2010). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Southern Crimea from the collection of Peter Keppen . This is Place.ru (1836). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Detailed topographic map of Crimea. General Staff . This is Place.ru (1987). Date of treatment June 4, 2015.
- ↑ Karpova Evgenia Pavlovna. Transformation of fish communities in reservoirs of the Crimean peninsula under the influence of anthropogenic factors . - Sevastopol : A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research , Russian Academy of Sciences , 2017. - P. 29. - 196 p.
Literature
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Links
- Crimean rivers on the website of the Republican Committee for Water Management of the ARC (Inaccessible link - history ) .
- Oliferov, August Nikolaevich; Timchenko, Zinaida Vladimirovna. Rivers and Lakes of Crimea. . - Simferopol: Share, 2005 .-- 216 p.