Chudakova, Marietta Omarovna

M.O. Chudakova is the fourth child in the family. Father - engineer Omar Kurbanovich Khan-Magomedov, a native of Dagestan , a graduate of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy . Mother - Klavdia Vasilievna Makhova, a native of the village of Vishenki, Suzdal Uyezd, a teacher of preschool education, wrote the book “Just Happiness,” which describes the history of the education of her own children. Brothers Chudakova - Jan-Bulat (1925-1983), Selim ; sisters - Bela and Inna (born 1942). Selim Khan-Magomedov subsequently became a famous architect and architectural historian; Inna Mishina - Director of the Bulgakov Moscow Museum in the "Bad Apartment" from 2007 to 2012.

Chudakova graduated from Moscow school number 367, then in 1959 - the philological faculty of Moscow State University . It began to be published in 1958 . In 1959 - 1961, she taught Russian language and literature at a Moscow school. In 1964 , after graduating from graduate school, she defended her thesis for the degree of Candidate of Philological Sciences on the theme “Effendi Kapiev’s Creativity”.

From 1965 to 1984, she worked in the manuscript department of the USSR State Library named after Lenin . Laureate of the Moscow Komsomol Prize ( 1969 ). Since 1970 - a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR . In 1980, she defended her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philology on the topic "Printed book and manuscript: interaction in the process of creation and functioning (Based on the material of fiction and the science of literature of the 1920-1930s)."

Since 1985 she began to teach at the Literary Institute. Gorky , where she worked at the department of modern Russian literature. Since 1988, she has been teaching professor at several American and European universities as a visiting professor. Since 1991 - Member of the European Academy .

She was married to a literary critic A.P. Chudakov . Has a daughter, enjoys kayaking ^[2] .

Already in the years of reform, M. S. Gorbachev began to actively criticize the Soviet system. In August 1993, among a group of 36 writers, she signed an appeal demanding early elections of the Supreme Council ^[3] . September 15, B. N. Yeltsin invited the authors of the letter to the cottage. After the meeting, Chudakova wrote: “A breakthrough is needed! .. Strength does not contradict democracy - only violence contradicts it ...” ^{[4] [5]} .

In October 1993, on the occasion of the dispersal of the Supreme Council, Chudakova signed the “ Letter of 42's ”.

In 1994 - 2000, she worked as part of the Presidential Council (advisory body to the President of the Russian Federation), and was also a member of the Commission on Clemency under the President of the Russian Federation. In 2006, she organized a public organization, VINT, which unites veterans of “hot spots” and representatives of the intelligentsia. At the same time, she made several trips around Russia with cultural, educational and public goals - she gave lectures, delivered fresh books to libraries in some cities, etc. ^[6]

In 2007, she entered the top three candidates for the SPS party in the State Duma elections ^[7] . The Union of Right Forces did not overcome the 5 percent barrier, receiving less than 1% of the vote.

According to Chudakova, she dealt with politics that year because too few people took an active political position:

Moscow News : If the country's citizens are so inert, why did you decide to get involved in politics?

Chudakova : That’s why. If they were active, with a calm soul they could deal with the history of literature, as in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Therefore, she agreed that she saw all over the country - in libraries, museums, schools - a lot of sane, noble, smart people with whom we would be happy to spend the whole evening with you and we would have something to talk about. But these people no longer believe in the elections. They are suppressed by the feeling of omnipotence of the ruling layer ^[8] .

In April 2010, she signed the appeal of the Russian opposition " Putin must leave ."

She signed all the open letters that were written in Russia in support of Ukraine ^[9] . In particular, in March 2014, she signed a letter “We are with you!” By the KinoSoyuz in support of Ukraine ^[10] .

The author of more than 200 scientific works and articles in the field of the history of literature of the 20th century , the history of philological science and literary criticism. The main research interests of Chudakova are the history of Russian literature of the Soviet period (especially the works of M. A. Bulgakov , E. Zamyatin , M. Zoshchenko , M. Kozyreva ), poetics, the history of Russian philological science, archival studies (archival business and its history), textology . ^[eleven]

He is the chairman of the All-Russian Bulgakov Fund, as well as the editor-in-chief of Tynianovsky collections .

Since the late 1980s , along with historical and literary work, he writes a lot about the acute political and social issues of Russian reality.

Scientific work

• Effendi Kapiev. - M .: Young Guard , 1970 .-- 240 p.
• The skill of Yuri Olesha. - M .: Nauka , 1972.- 100 p.
• Conversations about archives. - M.: Young Guard, 1975 .-- 222 p.
• Poetics of Mikhail Zoshchenko. - M.: Science, 1979. - 200 p.
• Conversations about archives. 2nd ed., Rev. - M .: Young Guard, 1980 .-- 224 p.
• Manuscript and book. The story of archival studies, textology, repositories of manuscripts of writers. - M .: Education , 1986. - 176 p.
• "And books, books ...": About M.A. Bulgakova / M. Chudakova // "They nourished my muse ...": books in the life and work of writers.- M .: Book, 1986.- p. 219 - 247
• Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov. - M .: Book, 1988 .-- 495 p.
• Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov. 2nd ed., Ext. - M .: Book, 1988 .-- 671 p.
• Selected works. T. 1. Literature of the Soviet past. - M.: Languages ​​of Slavic culture , 2001. - 468 p.
• New works. 2003-2006. - M .: Time , 2007 .-- 560 s.
• Literature at school: reading or going through ?. - M.: Time , 2013 .-- 288 p.
• Bad staircase. - M.: State Museum of M.A. Bulgakova, 2009 .-- 24 p.
• Bulgakov and Parsnip. - M.: State Museum of M.A. Bulgakova, 2010 .-- 24 p.

Artwork

• Peaceful leisure inspector Kraft . Stories. - M .: OGI, 2005 .-- 112 p.
• The affairs and horrors of Zhenya Osinkina. Traveling in three volumes, as well as subsequent unusual, terrible and happy stories that happened to herself and her friends. - M.: Time, 2005-2007. - 317 p. (book 1); 383 p. (book 2); 305 s (book 3).
• Not for adults. Time to read! The first shelf. - M.: Time, 2009 .-- 208 p. - ISBN 978-5-9691-0462-4 .
• Not for adults. Time to read! The second shelf. - M.: Time, 2009 .-- 208 p. - ISBN 978-5-9691-0463-1 .
• Not for adults. Time to read! The third shelf. - M .: Time, 2011 .-- 256 s. - ISBN 978-5-9691-0700-7 .
• Egor: A biographical novel . A book for smart people from ten to sixteen years old. - M .: Vremya, 2012 .-- 592 s. - ISBN 978-5-9691-0761-8 .

• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation ( January 7, 2002 ) - for active participation in the work of the Commission on Clemency under the President of the Russian Federation ^[12]

• History of literature. Poetics. Movie. Collection in honor of Marietta Omarovna Chudakova / Ed. E. Lyamina, O. Lekmanov , A. Ospovat . M .: New Publishing House, 2012 .-- 584 p. - (New materials and research on the history of Russian culture. Issue 9). - No decree. circulation. - ISBN 978-5-98379-166-4

• Publications on the site Grani.ru
• Marietta Chudakova at the Grani-TV website
• Chudakova, Marietta Omarovna in the " Journal Hall "
• Publications in the Russian Journal
• There is no way out: Have dissidents contributed to the collapse of the Union? // " Echo of Moscow "
• Interview with Vladimir Paperny
• Marietta Omarovna Chudakova
• Marietta Chudakova in the program "Cult of personality." The host is Leonid Velekhov (neopr.) . Radio Liberty (06/27/2015). Date of treatment June 28, 2015.
• Frumkina R. M. Archeology of Soviet Civilization